1 20 1145 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6422ad5e4ce2999417de82b64d047c39 41e9c087e01a5078d0c961ed7ddeccbc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a href="http://www.peabody.harvard.edu">Peabody Museum</a> Title A name given to the resource Plinth Squint Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2009.9.5156 Description An account of the resource Brick, fragment, nine-sided, brownish-red, wedge-shaped at one end https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4c2363ef28af2e6b132c4dd217c0f421.jpg f75dc4a0616b22ff486cc4fa8b2b71a3 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/80f4489a76b4d5be79d96e96ebf51ab9.jpg 47a8a0dd77f4c392ff86f001133164b4 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e4dc7bff970ee3739c72ac11d8e1dc89.jpg 1b847ecaad7534cca51d2120d58ea18d https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/063794e6896889346027294b293f0ae7.png 1c98d42257ce195d1e96e67012caa5c9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary Reflection Description An account of the resource Harvard student diary entry from 1800, recounting a drunken night at Blood’s Tavern where he hadn’t ever seen so many drunk, jovial scholars in one location. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/7632 (seq./page 46) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harvard University Library. 2016b. “III. Diary, 1799.” Colonial North American Project at Harvard website. Accessed October 16, 2016. http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/7632. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dde90da4656da92ca8ed08bb5b16ec46.png 3bda4e883c09c4413a90e8c6be65b97d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Harvard Yard 1799 Description An account of the resource The orange circle indicates the location of dig site H941 where the bottom of the partial wine bottle was excavated, along with other glass, nails, and whiteware from that period. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/13486/files/folder/Readings?preview=2722853 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Stubbs, John D., Jr. “Underground Harvard: The archaeology of college life.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 1992. Accessed October 15, 2016. https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/13486/files/folder/Readings?preview=2722853. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Dark Green Wine Bottle Inventory Description Whole bottom of a dark green wine bottle Intrasite H941 Level 1 Depth 28-42 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass, partial bottom Class 3 Dark Green Peabody Number 2016.29.1111 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dark Green Wine Bottle Bottom Subject The topic of the resource Although Harvard was founded with the initial goal of educating strict Puritan ministers, who would have expected an excavated wine bottle glass bottom to reveal a secular college with escapades of secret drunkenness among the Harvard scholars in later years? This glass bottle bottom dates to a period approximating 1800, based on the narrower bottle diameter, as compared to earlier years, plus the tall kickup inside the bottle bottom (Hume 1969, 68). Moreover, it likely originated from England (Hume 1969, 68). Substantial bottle glass was excavated near this item, plus other items corroborating this time period, such as cut nails, whiteware, and transfer paint. President Leverett’s tenure at Harvard during the early 1700s brought a more liberal attitude towards religion, and therefore alcohol (Morison 1986, 54). By the late 1700s, wine was sold by the Harvard Buttery, but the Book of Laws specifically prohibited the scholars from visiting taverns, and especially drunkenness (Harvard 2016a, 59). However, the Harvard scholars managed secret antics, such as the story of one student whose group of 40 visited the local tavern to get drunk, break glasses and return to their chambers in an uproar (Harvard 2016b, 46). Thus, when excavating pieces of glass, it may be a sign of a rambunctious night from years ago! Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Christian Shigley Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University Library. 2016a. “The Laws of Harvard College, 1798-1799.” Colonial North American Project at Harvard website. Accessed October 15, 2016. http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/7786. Harvard University Library. 2016b. “III. Diary, 1799.” Colonial North American Project at Harvard website. Accessed October 16, 2016. http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/7632. Hume, Ivor N. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969. Morison, Samuel E. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. 18 bottle glass wine bottle https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a590c4683b911a34cd3b2479cb808947.jpg 76dd19073d0394e959ee4df4c085fee9 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/997468fcad6a5fefecca444d177f78fa.png 9d5815d75376545bae75dc61d2c7a075 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This view is just three years after the print shop moved to University Hall (right). Here is the elm-sheltered path the type travelled across—including the location of H939! Source: Harvard University Archives HUV 20 7-8a. Permalink: http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork423535/catalog https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/df42c1060a0ed4754325cb302f74eaa4.jpg a3c1de4ab7110a13fea5467c4ea844fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This wood-engraving is what the early Harvard printing presses might have looked like, busy printing written exams, pamphlets, and other educational materials. Source: Amory, Hugh. 1989. First impressions : printing in Cambridge, 1639-1989 : an exhibition at the Houghton Library and at the Harvard Law School Library, October 6 through October 27, 1989. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Harvard University Archives Call Number: HUF523.589.1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name 19th Century Metal Print Type Inventory Description No letter visible on end, one notch in side, moderately oxidized. Peabody Number 2016.29.126 Culture/Period 19th Century Intrasite H939 Level 2 Depth 53-71cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Miscellaneous Class 3 Type Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .4 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Printing at 19th Century Harvard: A Vignette Subject The topic of the resource 16 October 1889 George stumbled, and caught himself—and his freight. President Eliot had consolidated printing in the basement of the University Hall (Hall 10). A new print shop needed a press, and a press needed type. The type had to be moved from its previous location. So—here was George, stumbling between the elms on his way from Wadsworth to University Hall, two hundred yards northeast (Hall 9). Box after box of type had to be transported carefully—the small lead type could escape the loose joinery of the wooden box. The job fell to George—and three co-conspirators—thanks to some inadmissible revelry at the Dartmouth game the weekend prior (1889). Normally, President Eliot would have let the delinquency slide—he encouraged the boys’ “llllllliberty,” rolling the “l” in Brahmin accent—but they timed their stunt to be of perfect help to the University (Kuehnemann). George minded, however, his afternoon being stripped from him. He was going to smoke with his roommate, and now that looked unlikely. His written Greek examination was tomorrow, too—though only a passing thought. He’d already seen it, anyway, thanks to the service of the college printer (Schoenberg). He was prepared. It was this thought, though, that caused the trip, stagger, and balancing of the type. Catching himself, he turned to check for fallen pieces. But then, they were holding the door ahead, and George really just wanted to regain his rightful “lllllllliberty.” He turned back and strode towards the grey façade of University Hall. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliography Hall, Max. 1986 Harvard University Press: A History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. “1889 Harvard Football Schedule” Webpage, http://www.gocrimson.com/sports/fball/1889-90/Schedule, accessed May 3rd, 2017. Schoenberg, Robert. 1954 University Press Maintains 40-Year Standards Despite Confusion With Poster, Exam Printers. The Harvard Crimson, February 3rd, 1954. Accessed online: May 3rd, 2017, http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1954/2/3/university-press-maintains-40-year-standards-despite/. Kuehnemann, Eugen. 2013 Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University (May 19, 1869-May 19, 1909). Read Books Ltd. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colin Criss https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/86d0ac8b0bdfceb7ffb400e84fa939fc.jpg 978e4444e2a3d0458f8abd8dcc2b0dd7 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/acb56703545b3c263922920a1f1b0c2c.png b8f55f721c65488515bff40925c90c29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Today, a direct flight from Frechen to Cambridge costs more than $1000, but only takes eight hours and 45 minutes. In the 17th century, it could have taken months for a single Bellarmine vessel to travel from the Rhineland to a port city, to board a ship, and finally to arrive the Boston area. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Cambridge,+MA/Frechen,+Germany/@39.8208631,-71.481832,3z/data=!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x89e370a5cb30cc5f:0xc53a8e6489686c87!2m2!1d-71.1097335!2d42.3736158!1m5!1m1!1s0x47bf3b93eb2780a1:0x9612bffebe05693b!2m2!1d6.8159957!2d50.9122488 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/2c8e51d947e4e34b7f939f4742190c95.jpg 65ab8c999cc84226f363fd73abb86555 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Here we have an intact Bellarmine vessel. Note the pear like shape and grotesque, not-quite-human face characteristic of later Bellarmines, crafted with less care and individual attention to meet high demand. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/26447019e54b230e1be770d35f5ee7a3.jpg fd8e9d3cdb7644400cdb401c2913870c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bellarmine vessels are named after Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino, who was allegedly hated by protestant potters. Since Bellarmines have been dated to when the imfamous Cardinal was only a boy, however, it is much more likely that the face motif in the neck of Bellarmines pays homage to the Green Man of the Woods, a character from English folk mythology. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.wikiwand.com/it/Processo_a_Galileo_Galilei Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Bellarmine (Bartmann) Sherd Inventory Description Fragment is from the neck of the bottle Peabody Number 2016.29.438 Intrasite H939, Level 3 Depth 71-89 cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Neck Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.8 Notes Given the grotesque features of the bellarmine man's face, likely a later 18th century piece Culture/Period Late 17th century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bellarmine (Bartmann) Sherd Subject The topic of the resource Water flies from a potter’s wheel as a pear-shaped vessel takes shape outside Frechen, Germany. Business has never been better—hundreds of similar vessels stare out from quiet racks, waiting to be fired to their signature mottled, golden-brown salt-glaze and shipped throughout the civilized world. It is late in the 17th century, and Rhenish salt-glazed stoneware is at its height. The characteristic bearded faces carved into the necks of vessels are their signature of high quality, durable stoneware, well-known throughout the New World and Europe. Today, we call that same motif the “Bellarmine Man,” and seeing its face appear in the soil of Harvard Yard represents the extraordinary material and cultural diffusion between Europe and the Colonies. Finding just this single, fragmentary piece belies the incredible journey this vessel survived to make it to the Yard—from the potter’s wheel, it endured the fires of the kiln, miles of travel by crate and cart to the sea, weeks of lurching travel across the waves, and finally unloading—maybe in Boston, maybe another port along the coast—before it could be brought to market, purchased, and ultimately brought to the Old College. This grey sherd of baked earth embodies the relationship between Europe and the Colonies two hundred years before the industrial revolution, as the great wheels of England’s mercantilist machine began to gain momentum and the trappings of a global trade network and economy began to emerge. As global demand for Rhennish stoneware waxed, potters kept pace by producing more and spending less time on each piece. The quickness of those potters' skillful hands shows in this Bellarmine's grotesque, not-quite-human features. Description An account of the resource The eye stamped into this sherd makes it easily recognizable as a shard of Bellarmine, a name which alludes the Roberto Bellarmino (1542-1621), a Cardinal allegedly hated by protestant potters. Bellarmine-style stoneware has been dated as far back as 1550, however, when the Cardinal was only eight (Hume 1969, 55), so the face motif was more likely inspired by the Green Man of the woods originating in English folk myths. For this reason, Bellarmine vessels are more properly known as a “Bartmann” vessels, but Bellarmine’s catchy name is still in common use. As decades passed, the stamped faces on Bellarmine vessels became less human and defined (Museum of London), and comparing H939’s Bellarmine fragment to photos, its facial features most closely resemble the “grotesque” bellarmines of 1650-70 (Hume 1969, 56). The bottle this particular sherd was once part of was likely used by residents of The Yard to store wine, ale, oil, vinegar, or water, since Rhennish stoneware was fired at a high enough temperature (up to 1300 degrees) that much of the clay would vitrify, making it completely waterproof (Maine.gov). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jack Smith Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Bellarmine Jugs." : Colonial Pemaquid: History: Discover History & Explore Nature: State Parks and Public Lands: Maine ACF. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016. <http://www.maine.gov/dacf/parks/discover_history_explore_nature/history/colonialpemaquid/bellarmine.shtml>. Hume, Ivor Noël. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf, 1970. Print. By the Second Half of the 16th Century Frechen Wares Had Supplanted Raeren Products as the Main German Stoneware Imported into Britain. The Trade Peaked in the Early 17th Century, by Which Time Products Had Become Very Standardised, But, as with Other Ger. "Frechen." Ceramics and Glass Glass. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016. <http://archive.museumoflondon.org.uk/ceramics/pages/subsubcategory.asp?subsubcat_id=837&subsubcat_name=Frechen&cat_id=714>. 17 18 ceramic https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7e68916401f5de7ad69d09363063a96f.JPG 93b23c8c3b8016e4fb387769552d157a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Here we can see the remnant of a small, used rose-head nail, bent out of shape from being pounded into the hard, native woods of New England. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ea6b557bc7c43991d299e2505b11d470.jpg 9d8d958a4d29294a1eef1f3e49749f8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Here we see various types of hand-forged nails; each with their own shape and purpose, all hand-wrought by skilled smiths. Boxed in red is a small rose head nail like the one found in Harvard Yard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nelson, Lee H. "Nail Chronology." (n.d.): n. pag. Umwblogs.org. Web. 3 May 2017. <http://files.umwblogs.org/blogs.dir/7608/files/nail_chronology.pdf>. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d330d61320381e8d2996f94e9367bec6.jpg 6d84b6787f6ae5bd07b82771de57d19c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pictured here is a woman forging at an anvil. This print, from the English Holkham Bible, dates to the early 14th century, and shows the little-known persistence of women in the forge, a societal position usually associated with towering, muscular men. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Markewitz, Darrell. "Hammered Out Bits." 'Proof' (??) of Female Blacksmiths. N.p., 12 Jan. 2011. Web. 03 May 2017. <http://warehamforgeblog.blogspot.com/2011/01/proof-of-female-blacksmiths.html>. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Rose Head Nail Inventory Description Small nail, seems to have a faintly four-faceted head that has been pounded indicating it is a rose head nail. No detectable burrs on the body of the nail indicate it is not a cut nail, but a nail that was hand-forged. Peabody Number 2016.29.1483 Intrasite H943, level 4 Depth 60-70cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 nail Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rose Head Nail Subject The topic of the resource It is the mid-18th century, and hammers ring across the West Midlands, striking hot sparks from rods of black iron. 50,000 men fan flames that burn white-hot, bringing lumps of ore to temperatures high enough scorch skin from bone and turn wood to ash. These smiths don’t forge swords and spears, the shoes for horses, or the wrought iron engines of war. They are nailers—specialized makers of pointed metal rods that hold the world together. Artisans of peace and construction of new homes. If each smith makes 2,000 nails per day, total production approaches 100,000,000 daily (Shwartz)—scores of them destined for the colonies, where they will tack shingles to new houses, shoes to draft animals, and a myriad of other chunks of New England hardwood in place for years to come. Some nails even made it to Harvard, where they held together the hallowed halls of the, now gone, Old College. Nails were—and are—an integral part of human construction, allowing colonists to erect buildings more swiftly and with less carpentry-related skill than homes built with earlier mortise-and-tenon construction. Nevertheless, the collective time and work required to sustain the colonies’ demand for nails is staggering—particularly when we imagine smiths pounding each nail into its four-sided tapered-rod shape individually, by hand, then separately “heading” each with another disk of forged metal (Nelson). Some nails we call “rose heads” for their four-faceted heads, reminiscent of the blooming petals of a rose—a traditionally feminine motif that is surprisingly fitting, when we consider accounts of master smiths in the Midlands region: “I observed one, or more females…. wielding the hammer with all the grace of their sex. The beauties of their face were rather eclipsed by the smut of the anvil; …. Struck with the novelty, I inquired, “Whether the ladies in this country shod horses?” but was answered, with a smile, “They are nailers” (Shwartz). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p>Works Cited</p> <p><span>Markewitz, Darrell. "Hammered Out Bits."&nbsp;</span><i>'Proof' (??) of Female Blacksmiths</i><span>. N.p., 12 Jan. 2011. Web. 03 May 2017. &lt;http://warehamforgeblog.blogspot.com/2011/01/proof-of-female-blacksmiths.html&gt;.</span><br /><br /><span>Nelson, Lee H. "Nail Chronology." (n.d.): n. pag.&nbsp;</span><i>Umwblogs.org</i><span>. Web. 3 May 2017. &lt;http://files.umwblogs.org/blogs.dir/7608/files/nail_chronology.pdf&gt;.</span><br /><br />Schwarz, Kenneth. "The Nail Market During the Colonial Period." Making History. N.p., 28 June 2011. Web. 03 May 2017. &lt;http://makinghistorynow.com/2011/06/the-nail-market-during-the-colonial-period/&gt;.</p> <p></p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jack Smith 18 metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4dbe47ebc9d69e79aa46d265bc53d7da.jpg 465c87864883390476513f5d5268743e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource These broken shards come from the stem and base of an 19th century dark green wine bottle. We were able to date it by estimating the circumference of the base. Students at the college would have stored and drank this wine despite specific rules against doing so set by the University. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/318891a225240142f8f9a1ad1db98783.jpg 02252385f939bd2900e083ab76a24c73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://woodsrunnersdiary.blogspot.com/2014/08/18th-century-bottles-and-cork-stoppers.html. Title A name given to the resource Sketch of the development of wine bottle shapes and sizes over time. Our particular artifacts came from an early 19th century bottle. The shape and color of the bottle would have prevented souring of the wine and more compact storage. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4ce26c526f5a69f2e2f0768a1b3f5fa7.jpg 62fdb11f9754fb0e1e383f8dd84de1e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://greatwinenews.com/an-18th-century-cult-wines-revival/ Title A name given to the resource This painting depicts early American drinking culture. Even though those pictured aren't Harvard students, we can imagine that they would have been similarly pleased to be imbibing some forbidden wine during off time from their studies. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/bcc4778fbf7901d96804ff7a7f6c85c5.jpg a59fbaf13c0cb8777ab6bd9f6a263ada Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An example of an fully in-tact early 19th century wine bottle with a long neck and body, made of dark green glass. Students of the time would have stored their wine in these bottles. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/443877.html Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Green Wine Bottle Neck & Base Fragments Inventory Description Green Wine Bottle Neck & Base Fragments Peabody Number 2016.29.751 Culture/Period Early 18th Century Intrasite H934 Level 2 Depth 56 cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Base, Neck Quantity 4 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.8 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.4 Notes Green Bottle Glass Base & Neck Fragments Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Green Wine Bottle Neck & Base Fragments Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Michael F. Hissey Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Works Cited: "An 18th Century Cult Wine's Revival." Great Wine News. Accessed May 02, 2017. http://greatwinenews.com/an-18th-century-cult-wines-revival/. Burgess, Keith H. "A Woodsrunner's Diary." 18th Century Bottles and Cork Stoppers. Accessed May 02, 2017. http://woodsrunnersdiary.blogspot.com/2014/08/18th-century-bottles-and-cork-stoppers.html. Hume, Ivor Noël. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. "Wine Bottle." Museum of London | free museums in London | things to do in London. Accessed May 02, 2017. http://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/443877.html. Subject The topic of the resource 5th December, 1824 Ezekiel has recently procured some wine for the feast tonight. We have to make sure to dispose of the bottles discretely once we have finished, as we want neither the masters nor the tutors to discover that we have been clandestinely imbibing alcohol. Perhaps we ought to bury it in the yard. This will be our last celebration together before we each make the journey home for Christmastime. In my forefathers’ time I would have solely trained to have been a minister, and might have even presided over mass during these winter months – but I have other ideas for myself once I complete my education. I seek a life of adventure, passion and meaning; this is due, no doubt, to the influence that the new school of thought, transcendentalism, has had over me. I do not feel it to be intrinsically evil to seek out the pleasure that God has made possible for men to feel; I believe there is good in all natural things, including the drinking of wine. So long as Jesus himself drank it, it is good enough for me. I feel my spirit is stifled by the institution that I am a part of; its piety and stringency poison my soul and run contrary to what I know in my heart to be true; that the way to know God and to be good is to not deny the beauty of nature and the wonders of his creation, but to embrace them. John Edward Willis 19 bottle glass wine bottle https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/779f9c19033db0ca7178873a83450009.jpg bd7c3f15be4da6120f8f8736bb8a4117 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b58b5d4f9811e696410f87d14ac16231.jpg 2a0c9a26d2bee89a035f4c1cc1056035 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource College Room of Jesse Maxwell Overton, photograph, ca. 1885 Description An account of the resource This photograph, although of a much later date than the key, gives us a glimpse into a 19th c. Harvard dorm room. The desk features prominently in the photo and it is possible that there is a lock on the center drawer. The creation of the individual space is evidenced by the extensive personalization of the room. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pach Bros., Cambridge, Massachusetts (photographer) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork445744/catalog Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harvard Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1885 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/35b730be76d7934dade1f9902fe4e4a4.jpg 16169a2d78086140bd0dd1e685baf689 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Plate Locks Description An account of the resource These drawings reveal the inner workings of plate locks. The one numbered 1 is from the early nineteenth century while the other lock is from the eighteenth century. We can also see the concept of wards illustrated in the upper left hand corner. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived (Hume 2001:248) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/127339db68a41ee470942e36ce742fed.jpg f0f7611b2f39d6b78ce2a8f480754a57 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Basic Lock Mechanism Diagram Description An account of the resource This diagram illustrates the basic mechanism of sliding locks common from the fourteenth to the early nineteenth century. We can see how the bit of the key lifts the lever, releasing the bolt, while simultaneously catching on the bottom notches of the bolt to slide it inward. We can also see the spring that keeps the lever in place. This would have been the same fundamental mechanism of the lock that this key operated. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived (Eras 1957:96) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/fc1cb82ad9246029448bfed1814655aa.jpg 8996b78b9ab54cbbdc104a8c96087e1a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Replica Furniture Lock Key Description An account of the resource This replica key, marketed as a furniture lock key is made of zinc and plated in brass and is similar in shape and size to our key. The bit is plain and the bow features a similar circle based design. The main difference between this key and our key, besides the material, is that the shaft of this key is hollow, also known as a barrel shaft, while the shaft of our key is solid. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource House of Antique Hardware Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.houseofantiquehardware.com/antique-barrel-keys-skeleton Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available House of Antique Hardware Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Brass Key Inventory Description Bit key. Cast brass, simple bit (non-warded, no steps), solid round shaft, partial bow (design is likely three circles in triangle formation). Likely a furniture or box key. Peabody Number 2016.29.407 Culture/Period Mid 19th century (Post 1840) Intrasite H935 Level 4 Depth 73-83cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Key Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 5.7 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brass Key Subject The topic of the resource This key likely dates to the mid-nineteenth century and is of a type known as a bit key (the bit being the “tooth” at the end of the key) (Hume 2001:246). When the key is inserted into the lock and turned, the bit lifts up one or more levers that release the bolt, and then slides the bolt inward. For added security, bits would often have grooves cut into them that corresponded to projections attached around the key hole (known as wards) or they would have different levels cut into the edge that corresponded to differently shaped levers within the lock (Blackall 1890; Eras 1957; Hopkins 1928;). This particular example features a plain bit that would have corresponded to a lock that afforded little security. Coupled with the small size of the key it is likely that it was a furniture key, unlocking a cabinet or drawer, or the key to a small box or chest (Taylor 2010). Given the lack of security, the use of this key and lock would have been connected to a demarcation of private space—a declaration of privacy rather than a deterrent of theft. In Victorian America, the importance of private contemplation and an emphasis on individual rationality were already aspects of the culture that stemmed from both Protestant and Enlightenment ideals. The Industrial Revolution further reinforced the idea of private individuality by highlighting the separation between “home” (private) and “work” (public) (Lears 1981). It also led to overcrowded lodgings and tenements which forced people to find privacy at a more individual level by keeping locked chests and boxes of personal belongings (Vickers 2008). Although mid-nineteenth century Harvard was not part of an urban setting, many students who could not afford private lodgings still had to share living spaces (Morison 1936). The wish for more privacy would have likely led students to use locked drawers, cabinets or chests to store some of their more valuable or sensitive possessions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norman R. Storer Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived References: Blackall, Clarence H. 1890. Locks. In Builders Hardware: A Manual for Architects, Builders and House Furnishers, pp. 168-236. Ticknor and Company, Boston. Eras, Vincent J.M. 1957. Locks and Keys throughout the Ages. Lips’ Safe and Lock Manufacturing Company, Amsterdam; U.S. edition. Hopkins, Albert A. 1928. The Lure of the Lock. The General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, New York. House of Antique Hardware n.d. Antique Barrel Key for Furniture Locks. House of Antique Hardware. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://www.houseofantiquehardware.com/antique-barrel-keys-skeleton Hume, Ivor Nöel 2001. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. University of Pennsylvania Press. Lears, T.J. Jackson 1981. Roots of Antimodernism: The Crisis of Cultural Authority During the Late Nineteenth Century. In No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880-1920, pp. 4-58. University of Chicago Press. Morison, Samuel Eliot 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Belknap Press. Reprinted, 2006. Pach Bros. 1885. College Room of Jesse Maxwell Overton. Harvard University Archives HUPSF Student Rooms 121. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork445744/catalog Taylor, Fred 2010. Furniture Detective: Unlock the Secrets of Furniture Locks. Antique Trader. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://www.antiquetrader.com/antiques/secrets_of_furniture_locks Vickery, Amanda 2008. An Englishman’s Home is His Castle? Thresholds, Boundaries and Privacies in the Eighteenth-Century London House. Past and Present 199:147-173. 19 Key nineteenth century privacy https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/345a37605a57e06f2e9db8137c4adfc5.png b3084f4f4aacf7dd5b148bda7b55ead6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Scratch Blue Stoneware Sherd https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/96f1837e6b58b31c8cd5d38e5a849b50.jpg 05c147cc040db39e9fd8b9a5d11ccc04 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Salt-Glazed Stoneware Saucer With Scratch Blue Decoration Description An account of the resource This saucer was found at the Three Cranes Tavern site in Charlestown, Boston. It is an intact example of the type of ware and design observed in the sherd. Notice the very similar chevron motif around the flat bottom of the saucer, similar to the location that the sherd would have corresponded to. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcarchexhibitsonline/images/Three-Cranes/Three-Cranes-Tavern-Case-A/23-Saucer-White-Salt-Glazed-Scrath-Blue-Ves-18.jpg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Massachusetts Historical Commission https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6dd09c80590cdc89e488ba3c6751d59a.jpg 79c723d23ed82d33c817a45a3a4141f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Salt-Glazed Tea Bowl With Scratch Blue Decoation Description An account of the resource This bowl was also excavated from the Three Cranes Tavern Site and it is part of a matching set along with the saucer. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcarchexhibitsonline/images/Three-Cranes/Three-Cranes-Tavern-Case-A/22-Tea-Bowl-White-Salt-Glazed-Scratch-Blue-Ves-119.jpg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Massachusetts Historical Commission https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/af49e9b73f8afb97f6eb4c3506885d14.jpg 09e2eb55d2ee9dbbd54ae36f7052e9dc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First Page of the Townshend Acts of 1767 Description An account of the resource The Townshend Acts of 1767 were a series of acts proposed by Chancellor Charles Townshend and the British Parliament that instituted a series of taxes and regulations on various goods and government entities. The acts were source of discontent among the American colonists, including Harvard students. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.theworldsgreatbooks.com/Acts%20of%20Parliament/parliament%20ny%20assemb%20act.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Scratch Blue Stoneware Inventory Description Scratch blue (white salt-glaze with incised lines filled with cobalt blue glaze) stoneware sherd. Curved chevron design. Likely part of a saucer. Peabody Number 2016.29.1386 Intrasite H935 Level 4 Depth 73-83cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Body Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.8 Culture/Period Ca. 1744-1775 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Scratch Blue Stoneware Description An account of the resource Journal Entry: April 1768* Mother and Father just paid a visit. Boring, as usual. Before they left for home Mother left me a gift: a tea set. As if I needed another one! Mother had insisted on giving me a set when I first left to come to the College. It was a very fine set, real Chinese porcelain that she had made Father get for her. I never used it, of course, since I took my tea in the Commons. I ended up selling it to buy some rum. When she inquired about it I told her I had broken it. And what does she do? She gives me another set! This one is of a much stronger material; she clearly does not trust me with porcelain anymore. The matching bowls and saucers are English made. They seem sturdy and have a rather pleasant floral motif on them made by blue lines ingeniously scratched upon the surface (Hume 2001:117; MACL 2002). Sadly they will also remain as decoration for I do not intend to use them. I do not know why she keeps insisting on giving me tea sets. Of course, no respectable household is complete without one and I am quite familiar with the salutary effects of tea but such frivolous expenditure is unbecoming. At least my family is one of means and Father can afford Mother’s fancies. Similar excessive spending by women of the lower classes, however, is quite unacceptable and, frankly, a threat to our economy. Perhaps she thinks having my own set will encourage me to drink more tea and be more of a gentleman (Kowaleski-Wallace 1994). In any case, even if I did not take my tea in the Commons, with the plan that is unfolding it is unlikely these tea bowls would see much use. For I have talked with several of my classmates and we are planning to get all of the Senior Sophisters to pledge to refrain from the drinking of tea as a protest of the increased taxes implemented under Chancellor Townshend (Morrison 1936:133). *This is a fictionalized journal entry written from the point of view of an eighteenth century Harvard College senior. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norman R. Storer Corrada Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Nöel 2001. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. University of Pennsylvania Press. Kowaleski-Wallace, Beth. 1994. Tea, Gender, and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century England. Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 23: 131–45. Manhattan Rare Book Company n.d. The Townsend Acts of 1767. The World’s Great Books. Accessed May 6, 2017. http://www.theworldsgreatbooks.com/townsendacts.htm Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab 2002. “White Salt-Glazed Stoneware.” Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland. Accessed May 6, 2017. https://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/WhiteSalt-glazed.html Massachusetts Historical Commission 2014. Three Cranes Tavern. MHC’s Archaeological Exhibits Online. Accessed May 6, 2017. http://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcarchexhibitsonline/threecranes.htm Morison, Samuel Eliot 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Belknap Press. Reprinted, 2006. 18 ceramic stoneware https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c57df95bfa5cbe6752059ae6fa30f0db 6324c7d873d9803982e71affe899ad64 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/71b317c2e3083a24f74b32d946b74dfa.jpg a50e0649327bf613d2cb36836011f447 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/cf331707fd6e84ec55e098e44acdb2d1.jpg 518d5ae3fc34aa76d0b89a3c787e3c8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1879 archival letter. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.COUNT:25666882 http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/prod/cna/med00230c00026 Archaeological Find Classification Fragment Department Archaeological Geography / Provenience North America/United States/Massachusetts/Middlesex County/Cambridge/Harvard Yard Intrasite H724 Level 1 Materials Glass Dimensions Overall: 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2 cm (11/16 x 1/2 x 1/16 in.) URL http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.COUNT:25666897 http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/prod/cna/med00230c00020 Depth 0-32cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2007.20.2712 Title A name given to the resource Yellow Glass Sherd Description An account of the resource Glass, fragment, flattened, yellow-brown Yellow Glass Sherd Subject The topic of the resource Tucked away in the far south of the White City was the Anthropology Building. While the Fair opened to the public in May 1893, construction delays resulted in the opening of the Anthropology Department in July, months after the Fair opened to the public. The outdoor exhibits, however, had opened on time and fairgoers could view Navajo weavers and meander through a Penobscot Village. Armed with a budget of $100,000, Putnam relied on personal and professional relationships to develop the Anthropology Building. He commissioned nearly 100 field researchers and collectors to amass collections that were used to create 314 exhibits of objects, mannequins, and dioramas inside the building. The result was a comparative, sensory-rich display of the world’s people, past and present. Boas was Putnam’s second-in-command, focusing his efforts on creating the Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl) Village outside the building and the physical anthropology lab inside the building, which featured photos, human remains and measurements of Native American children as well as an area where the fairgoer could be measured. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0ea0ad6103662484f63076a57937eebf.jpg a68f83178010108288a4857d6e5c783f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Six fragments of a bottle of Hood's Sarsaparilla, a popular brand in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries that was produced in Lowell, MA. Embossed lettering indicates the contents and manufacturer. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8eb01ad193b1c4f713c9fb91076bb491.jpg e19ca4fd908b00ebd2856ab5f9046078 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Embossed words visible include “COMPOUND” and “SARSA” as well as “U.S.A.” and the second half of the name of the city of Lowell, where the bottle was manufactured. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d93e3ec682816f19f48d88d888101d92.jpg fa1acd51547d39b45ace6471ce327f41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Neck and base of the bottle. Seams from a mold are visible on the neck, and a pontil mark can be seen on the base, which is flat with no noticeable kick-up. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7d92068b9eeca9d58a3d1a806f3fefff.jpg 39e4df0ba4b07c0ecb5fcc4c99090533 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An undated ad for Hood's Sarsaparilla detailing its many health benefits. Sarsaparilla was commonly used at home to cure a variety of ailments, many of which were broadly defined. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/ https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e15eb879ea0e891e15dda00865f79d51.jpg bb34c2a7764c6d4b77ac3ac9e6ea0fc5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An ad for Hood's Sarsaparilla published in the Ann Arbor Argus on April 8, 1898 including a testimonial from a nursing mother. Sarsaparilla was marketed to everyone as a common household cure-all. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Aqua Patent Bottle Fragments Inventory Description Aqua patent bottle made with a mold. It is embossed HOOD'S / COMPOUND / EXTRACT / SARSA / PARILLA - C. I. HOOD & CO - LOWELL MASS. It dates to the late 1890's or early 1900's and contained one of the most popular sarsaparilla brands of the time. Peabody Number 2016.29.61 Intrasite H933 Level 1 Depth 47-56cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Aqua bottle glass Quantity 7 Culture/Period 1890's-early 1900's Height (cm) Dimension of Object 11.9 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 6.9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aqua Patent Bottle Fragments Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Griffin, Jessica. 2014. “Hood’s Sarsaparilla, Lowell, MA.” Old Main Artifacts website, January 21. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/. Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf. Lindsey, Bill. 2016. “Bottle Typing/Diagnostic Shapes: Medicinal/Chemical/Druggist Bottles.” Society for Historical Archaeology website, November 20. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://sha.org/bottle/medicinal.htm. Subject The topic of the resource In the colonial period, little was known about health, so practices to address it were suspect. Most medications were self-prescribed and administered, as doctors were scarce and often poorly trained. This led to a proliferation of patent or proprietary medicines that continued into the 20th Century (Lindsey 2016). Colonial medications were naturally derived, and marketed to cure a wide variety of illnesses. Most popular in the mid-19th Century, sarsaparilla contained 18% alcohol and was made from root extracts (Lindsey 2016, Griffin 2014). It was thought to purify the blood and even cure heart disease, edema, rheumatism and scrofula (Griffin 2014). As a medication, sarsaparilla may have escaped scrutiny under the alcohol rules of the college. This bottle was produced by C.I. Hood & Co. of Lowell, Massachusetts. The company was founded in 1875, and produced a number of medicines including sarsaparilla (Griffin 2014). Hood’s and its main competition, Ayer’s Sarsaparilla, were some of the biggest pharmaceutical advertisers of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, when sarsaparilla use started to become less medicinal (Lindsey 2016). In the early colonial period, pharmaceutical bottles were characterized by conical kick-ups that flattened by the mid-19th Century (Hume 1969, 73). Rectangular glass bottles with indented panels were popular throughout the 19th Century, with embossed words appearing at the height of the patent medicine boom in the second half of the century (Lindsey 2016). Regulations on drug labeling and manufacturing didn’t arise until the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, so most early patent medicine bottles (such as this one) were embossed with the contents and name of the manufacturer (Lindsey 2016). 19 20 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/43c9b73759ab0a52ef1b99e48f032cf7.jpg 6fa977470821a78c75930c7a42f79317 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of wine bottle https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5ef6a8556b0282f28052bae882584e9b.png 9e0b6c8ed5ce12364cb314095f363f03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Food fight in Commons Hall in 1819. The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls. Subject The topic of the resource The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/602aedac0b03a36f835a359cf51e1aae.png 5d0aa2be013f00ce942e6a1dd166da13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Waiters of Memorial Hall 1890. Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent. Subject The topic of the resource Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/333cf9c91eab542ec849cd27e62cb5ea.jpg c8a91e2aacd0df5ad5407376de17f32b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sample menu from 19th century Harvard Dining Hall listing both breakfast and dinner options. This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University. Corporation. College Book 1, 1636-1810. UAI 5.5, Harvard University Archives. Subject The topic of the resource This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name 19th century wine/cordial Culture/Period 19th century Depth 65-75 Quantity 10 pieces Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 6cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Inventory Description Noel Hume’s recount of the evolution of the wine bottle allows us to conclude that this wine bottle fragment we excavated was most likely from a bottle in the 19th century. The wine bottle fragment we found has a narrow body and medium size kick up and these characteristics correspond to a 19th century wine bottle. Intrasite H944 Level 2 Peabody Number 2016.29.302 Notes Date found: October 27th, 2016 Class 1 Glass Class 2 bottle glass Class 3 green glass Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 19th Century Wine Bottle Description An account of the resource During the 19th century, some students at Harvard could barely afford to eat as is evidenced by students’ inability to find decent and affordable food after the closure of dining halls in 1825. The excavation of this wine bottle draws attention to divide between the lower and upper class with respect to dining and drinking. Some students were members of social/dining clubs and could afford to drink expensive wines, whereas others could barely afford the Harvard dining hall. In 1807 students engaged in a rebellion against the dining services at Harvard, stating “their biscuits were bad and coffee bitter” and because of this pushback the college eventually closed their dining halls in 1825 and allowed students to dine outside the college. Image 1 depicts a satirical picture of food fights in the dining hall to emphasize the protest of dining hall conditions. While some students could afford to be part of social dining and drinking clubs such as the porcelain club, the fly club and the AD club when Harvard dining halls closed, many could not afford the cost that came with the dining hall closure. The college realized that students from less privileged backgrounds needed Harvard dining services so reopened The Harvard dining association in 1874. This narrative demonstrates how although our excavation of wine bottles may lead us to believe that students were wealthy and could afford alcoholic beverages, this may have not actually been the case. Many students struggled to find food at economical costs and therefore were probably unable to carouse and drink with their classmates. Therefore, a deep divide must have existed between those of the upper class who could were privileged enough to afford the luxury of drinking and those who were not. Some students of a lower class may have felt alienated from those that were from a more elite group because they could not afford to drink and socialize with wealthier students. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 27 2016 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Nöel. 2001. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Page 60-70. Harvard University. Harvard Commons Records, 1686-1829. UAI 15.250, Harvard University Archives. http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/deepLink?_collection=oasis&uniqueId=hua09011 Harvard University. The History of Food and Dining at Harvard, July 25th 2016, http://guides.library.harvard.edu/hua/Food_Dining 19 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ade5ab9896ec81321d9d7144b60ec388.JPG a5aed53ff967e50f3f9aaa9a1e912665 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This flint glass fragment is clear, but has a grey tint. The body of the glass is smooth to the touch and has a rounded edge that is often found in tavern glasses, or "thumpers". https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/453b310f0a585b9258e52abd5f032a76.png 1f8a04bd87400a40fa8c4c6ba023d754 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drinking alcohol at the taverns was not suitable behavior for young men at the College in 1799; therefore, the men were forced to pay a fine. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/97c7b36a9d961c6388b459b9e3d97c66.jpg d60ee9a4a36566bbe4fe62457aa78eb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com Title A name given to the resource A picture of a tavern glass, or a "thumper", that could have been used at Bush Tavern. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ac8fa2441dd60178978ee56a0886735e.png 50ac5cd5d05020e8f7b38067952afc63 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In upper left hand corner, the Harvard Rule book of the late 18th century references that students of the College are banned to go to taverns without being accompanied by the President, his parents, or a tutor. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Flint Tavern Glass Fragment Peabody Number 2016.29.152 Intrasite H929 Level 4 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Fragment Class 3 Bottle Quantity 1 Depth 70-85 cm Culture/Period Late 18th Century/Early 19th Century Inventory Description Object is a fragment of a tavern glass. It is clear, but has a grey cast and is smooth to the touch. The rim of its bottle is circular and appears to be a part of a larger drinking vessel. The glass also appears to be uneven, giving clues that it was handblown. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flint Tavern Glass Fragment Subject The topic of the resource Since glassmaking was the first industry in America, glass artifacts are able to reveal many clues about early Americans’ daily lives, social hierarchy, and the beginnings of Harvard. This glass shard was once a part of late 18th century tavern glass, often referred to as a “thumper”. In a 18th century Colonial American tavern, or an “ordinary” as it was referenced in Puritan Massachusetts, the thumper was filled with varying alcohols ranging from beers and ciders to wines and mixed drinks; however, rum was the staple of every tavern since it was a liquor that was unique to the colonies. Although one of the primary functions of the tavern was to carry on the traditions of British drinking, the early taverns surrounding Harvard had stricter practices on drinking and drunkenness was strongly looked down upon with the dominating Puritan culture of the time. Drinking out of this piece of clear flint glass with a grey cast, members of each social and economic class were able to engage in discussion and form a community in a Puritan Massachusetts ordinary, although some communities did not welcome Native Americans or African Americans. The 18th century men of Harvard could often be found at the tavern on Dunster Street discussing politics, their academics, or the latest gossip going around the College. Although it is a small piece of flint glass, this artifact signifies a community formed within an ordinary that was made up of differing social classes and that allowed discussion of politics, society, and travel to prosper. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Daniels, B. C. (2005). Puritans at play: leisure and recreation in colonial New England. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Field, E. (2007). The colonial tavern: a glimpse of New England town life in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Place of publication not identified: Kessinger Publishing. Howe, D. W. (1899). The Puritan republic of the Massachusetts bay in New England. Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill. Struzinski, Steven (2002) " The Tavern in Colonial America," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 1, Article 7. https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:51409343$4i http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com/webpages/Item6841.html 18 19 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5f0e204bc8fe4a0919591cbbe9ffcb63.jpg 9de6e6086ae948f3b9513f2fde32b2c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Tobacco Pipe Bowl Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo Credit: David Ryan Description An account of the resource Red clay tobacco pipes were very uncommon in New England during the 17th century at Harvard. Most of the red clay pipes found during this time were from Pamplin, Virginia. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c10f0ca183b728d1118ba76958d1a209.jpg c04059580e902f8081d3737f06c5c109 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red clay tobacco pipe bowls from Pamplin, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource This photo illustrates the differences between red clay tobacco pipes that have molds on their bowl compared to the plain ones like the one we discovered in Harvard Yard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/images/stories/pipes/clay%20pipe%20red%20pamplin%20pipe%20factory%20pamplin%20city%20va.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/28ce1f983f2ed9ba7c1cc5e40d68fa80.pdf 9f3e1624e834d76a89fe011c13dfa3b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adams House portrait of wealth and tobacco pipes Subject The topic of the resource This portrait found in Adams House displays opulently dressed people; one man smoking from a pipe while many other pipes adorn the outer edge. This shows the significance of tobacco at Harvard as well as its link to social status. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo Credit: David Ryan The Coolidge Room, Randolph Hall, Adams House, Harvard College. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7a470a8c6b4b4909e7d8ad54f6eef816.png 5561e7a3f7ea3e9d57fe4faf077f1cbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Statutes and Lawes of Harvard College, 1655. Subject The topic of the resource This photo shows some of the rules of Harvard College from 1655 including the prohibition of tobacco from campus. These rules also highlight the social hierarchy that existed in everyday life at Harvard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://ia800204.us.archive.org/17/items/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog.pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Red Clay Pipe Bowl Inventory Description Red Clay Pipe Bowl Peabody Number 2016.29.100 Intrasite H932 Level 1 Depth 48-67 Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe Bowl Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2.5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Pipe Bowl Subject The topic of the resource This pipe was likely produced in the Pamplin area of Virginia, which indicates that not only that Harvard students broke the school’s smoking rules in the 17th century, but also that they invested in the endeavor. Although a large majority of people smoked tobacco daily in this time period (Hume, 1970), it was very uncommon for a student to own a red clay pipe during colonial New England, which implies that this student went to great lengths to display that he came from a wealthy background. Social status dictated most areas of life at Harvard during the 17th century such as which buildings students lived in, where they ate and whether they were admitted to the college in the first place (Hall, 1856). Social status could be differentiated from smoker to smoker through the material of the pipe and the engravings or lack of on the pipe bowl. Tobacco was very inexpensive during this time period so it was common for most people to indulge recreationally, medicinally and even as a food substitute. The fact that there are no engravings or molds on this particular bowl suggests that the owner of it was not of exuberant wealth to pay for an intricate design. Of course, just as in the present day, the rules at Harvard then still prohibited the use of tobacco on campus and in dorm rooms. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. Hall, Benjamin H. 1856. “A Collection of College Words and Customs”. Cambridge: John Bartlett. Capone, Patricia & Elinor Downes. 2004. “Red Clay Tobacco Pipes: Petrographic Window into Seventeenth Century Economics at Jamestown, Virginia and New England.” In S. Lafferty & R. Mann (Eds). Smoking and Culture: The Archaeology of Tobacco Pipes in Eastern North America. “ Univ. of Tennessee Press. 17 18 pipe https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/438426e96318e0125d792f7eab9ac7a5.jpg e0e6b1cf91dbaf4296c35e1651f8ee7c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seventeenth-century red clay brick that was likely used in the original construction of the chimneys or cellar floor of the Old College (begun 1638, completed 1643). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived (Davis, 1890). Photograph taken by Rachel Harner. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0b9f766295f021b3ff95fe0adabf740.png 34d87e0b236fd6f3a95ca029c3604425 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=1 (modified by Rachel Harner) Title A name given to the resource This 1933 conjectural drawing by Samuel Morison of the exterior of the Old College shows the building sided with wood and hypothesizes locations for several possible brick chimneys. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/aac7b6f0e5ba234d61dd181f441f8383.png 07f4c055f7bc0df5cf66f13d1a3c8ce7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=7 (modified by Rachel Harner) Title A name given to the resource Morison’s drawing of the first floor of the Old College. Possible chimney flues are outlined, and the cellar would have been located under the west bay of the building. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dee2e331dac051673b2911a69f0425ee.png 0bedb74616bcef32520c512034c75a01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Cambridge brickyards active in the 19th-century, demonstrating how large an industry brickmaking grew to become in Cambridge 200 years after the first bricks were made on Colonial soil. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Map by Charles W. Eliot, 2nd. Cambridge Historical Society. 1971. http://www.cambridgehistory.org/content/romance-brick https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0c02657fce471da53a9cad3ed7017f4.jpg 754f7041dde322a1de5c2831cb1b880e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This is Massachusetts Hall today. Still used as a dormitory, the building is the second-oldest academic building still in use in America, its bricks having withstood 300 years of wear. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard College Freshman Dean's Office. 2017. http://fdo.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ivy-yard Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Peabody Number 2016.29.332 Culture/Period 17th century Intrasite H942, Level 5 Depth 80-90cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Ceramic Class 3 Brick Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 11.0cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 22.5cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 6.0cm Object Name Red Clay Brick with Handprint Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Brick with Handprint Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Davis, Andrew McFarland. “The early college buildings at Cambridge. From Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, April 30, 1890." Worcester, MA: C. Hamilton, 1890. Harvard University. Harvard College Records. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1925. Leighton, Henry and Heinrich Ries. History of the Clay-Working Industry in the United States. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1909. Long, Burton G. "The Romance of Brick. Read at a meeting of the Cambridge Historical Society, March 28, 1971." Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Historical Society, 1978. Stubbs, John Delano Jr., Ph.D. “Underground Harvard: The archaeology of college life.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 1992. Subject The topic of the resource Though the Harvard of today is recognized the world over for its iconic red brick architecture, the first purpose-built structure, the Old College, was undoubtedly constructed of wood, with 4,000 boards purchased in 1642 to side the building as it neared completion (Davis 1890). This means that the bricks uncovered in our excavation served very specific purposes, likely either as part of a chimney or the cellar, which excavations in the mid-1980s discovered had a brick floor (Stubbs 1992). The decision to construct such a monumental building from wood was likely influenced by Massachusetts’ prolific timber trade, since bricks at this time were still largely imported from England as ballast in the bottom of ships (Long 1971). However, early Harvard College records include a £2.15 charge for brickmakers, suggesting the bricks used in the construction of the Old College were some of the first made in what was quickly becoming a major new industry (Stubs 1992). In fact, the first house in Massachusetts made entirely of brick was erected in Boston in 1638, two years after the first land grant for brickmaking was issued (Reis, Leighton 1909). The premature deterioration of the Old College, which by 1679 is only referred to in the past tense, coupled with rapidly expanding local brick production, surely played a deciding role in the choice to construct the neighboring Indian College (1655) and still-standing Massachusetts Hall (1720) with brick, cementing (literally and figuratively) the association of Harvard to red clay bricks just like this one (Davis 1890; Reis, Leighton 1909). 17 brick https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/add6a9fe009154cca4ae5d04f65bdf40.jpg 9ce6084d52bd9ad7c671e704ba8ba4ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In the hurried production of the coin, some of the 1864 minted pieces were accidentally made with a smaller motto. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c3725d5dd66128f1dab5d4cb861e1c24.jpg d7b68238ac7c445144e7bae1560bdf2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Many people, filled with uncertainty about the nation’s future, turned to religion. As such, the 2-cent coin was the first to bear the motto “IN GOD WE TRUST," which is now a standard on coins. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Hierarchy.aspx?c=670&title=Two+Cent https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/907ee7d7a432c4ea6c63007b79dfd07d.jpg d81d24923f190128ee2b4d61c73bba1d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memorial Hall was built to commemorate the lives of Harvard students and alumni who gave their lives to fight in the Civil War. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.vsba.com/projects/harvard-university-memorial-hall-loker-commons-and-sanders-theatre-restoration-and-renovation/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name 1864 Coin Inventory Description This is an 1864 2-cent coin. This 2-cent coin was minted in 1864 and is made up mostly of copper with some tin and zinc. The coin was designed by James Barton Longacre. Peabody Number 2016.29.401 Culture/Period 1864 Intrasite H935 Level 3 Depth 63-73cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Personal Class 3 Coin Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1864 Coin Subject The topic of the resource The 2-cent coin was only in circulation from 1864-1873. During this time period, the nation was embroiled in the Civil War and its immediate aftermath. The 2-cent coin was a departure from previous denominations and it is hypothesized that public acceptance of the coin was due to extreme shortage of coins during the War. The coin was most in demand from 1864-1866 and waned in popularity as the country recovered from the economic strifes of wartime. This particular coin was found at Harvard University, a school that was deeply affected by the Civil War. Harvard students and alumni served in the 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment beginning in 1861. Harvard affiliates fought on both sides of the war and a total of 1,662 men served. Of these men, 246 died and the 20th Massachusetts regiment is known for its high casualties. Although the men of Harvard were not pressured to join the cause, many chose to enlist, as did many alumni. Classes at Harvard continued during the war and the students who survived the carnage returned to graduate with their classmates. To commemorate the sacrifice that many Harvard men made for the Union, Memorial Hall was erected and dedicated in 1874. The names of Harvard men who fought for the Union are listed on plaques that are still on display in Memorial Hall today. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Giedroyc, Richard. "Two and Three Cents: Two Cent." Home Page - PCGS CoinFact. PCGS CoinFacts, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Hierarchy.aspx?c=670&title=Two+Cent>. "History of 'In God We Trust'." U.S. Department of the Treasury. N.p., 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <https://www.treasury.gov/about/education/Pages/in-god-we-trust.aspx>. Ireland, Corydon. "Blue, Gray, and Crimson." Harvard Gazette. Harvard University, 21 Mar. 2012. Web. 5 Apr. 2017. <http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/03/blue-gray-and-crimson/>. "Two-cent Piece (United States)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Jan. 2017. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)>. 19 coin metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/89cec367cdfa52bc94d281f330be2755.jpg 1cfed3ef5a569a85f5e42a228e3c9160 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image One Subject The topic of the resource 4 pipe bowl fragments, probably dating to the 18th Century. A partial maker's mark is visible on the heel of the pipe bowl. Description An account of the resource A photograph of the pipe fragments with the external side showing. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F89cec367cdfa52bc94d281f330be2755.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5dd44dea1ccfaf8a612a06bf4dfb79ba.jpg 03f33039a4490c7c4dcc3403c5d04d92 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Two Subject The topic of the resource A close-up of the maker's mark on the heel of the pipe bowl. Two letters are visible but only one, the letter 'E', is complete. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F5dd44dea1ccfaf8a612a06bf4dfb79ba.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c369f73bf6e873877e6ffd4a4a66bbd1.jpg 6df2b5c26f2bc17c5bf2e789c323c9fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Three Subject The topic of the resource A letter written in 1859 asking for a letter in return about the evils of chewing and smoking tobacco. From Mr Track to Reverend Walker. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard College Papers Volume XXVI, January 12th 1859. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2Fc369f73bf6e873877e6ffd4a4a66bbd1.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f571b6f3a72357dfedd5d43bd18b6539.pdf 25fef35da54ee2ae43b1b7ea2e5598db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Four Subject The topic of the resource A poem written between 1685 and 1752, part of a collection called 'Gospel sonnets; or, Spiritual songs : in six parts.' by Ralph Erskine. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ce68cb01bcfc6f7c6a2d13c48a88bcd6.pdf 766fd404f6af01541ded224b1c44d2de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Five Subject The topic of the resource A poem written between 1685 and 1752, part of a collection called 'Gospel sonnets; or, Spiritual songs : in six parts.' by Ralph Erskine. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3ddf7c4829df4d93ff26ee4af508b5f5.pdf 972c1dbc8a5f4cfd3858e3a773bbbb14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Six Subject The topic of the resource A poem written between 1685 and 1752, part of a collection called 'Gospel sonnets; or, Spiritual songs : in six parts.' by Ralph Erskine. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Pipe Bowl Pieces Inventory Description 4 pieces of a pipe bowl, with letters imprinted on the heel. Made of clay, probably from the 18th Century judging by the mark and the shape of the bowl. Peabody Number 2016.29.35 Intrasite H930 Level 3 Depth 75-85cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe bowl Quantity 4 Culture/Period 18th Century Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.1 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.3 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pipe bowl fragments Subject The topic of the resource This artefact is a pipe bowl probably dating to the 18th Century, since it has two letters impressed on the bottom of the heel, which was probably a maker’s mark (Oswald, 1975). Smoking was a common habit at Harvard all through the Colonial period and after, as demonstrated by the large number of pipe stems found in digs at Harvard College and by comments in letters like the attached image from the 19th Century, decrying the ‘Evils of Tobacco.' Smoking or ‘drinking’ tobacco was explicitly banned in the College rules in the 17th Century (Loren, 2016), except in the case of medical prescription. Although in our century, we largely associate smoking with ill-health and think of it as a dangerous habit, in the 18th Century smoking tobacco was prescribed for a number of illnesses. According to one writer in 1712 (The virtues and excellency of the American Tobacco plant, 1712), smoking tobacco ‘destroys Worms in Human Bodies, and is likewise by Experience found to be a Remedy against Leprosies, Scurvy and Itch.’ Loren (2016) lists still further illnesses tobacco was thought to cure, and also points out that the use of tobacco by the English suggests exchange between Indian and European communities, as well as a shared emotional community around health and wellness. In colonial New England, health was not just a physical but also a spiritual matter. In the attached images, you can also see a poem pointing out the spiritual benefits of smoking tobacco, and how pipe-smoking can act as a spiritual experience and as a metaphor for the human soul. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Loren, D. D. (2016). Bodily protection: Dress, health, and anxiety in colonial New England. In The Archaeology of Anxiety (pp. 141-156). Springer New York. Oswald, A. (1975). Clay pipes for the archaeologist. The virtues and excellency of the American tobacco plant, for cure of diseases, and preservation of health: and the noxious qualities of the tobacco growing in Northern countries: London: printed for R. Parker; and sold by J. Morphew, 1712. http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004861603.0001.000 (Accessed 04/04/17) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F89cec367cdfa52bc94d281f330be2755.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F5dd44dea1ccfaf8a612a06bf4dfb79ba.jpg Harvard College Papers Volume XXVI, January 12th 1859. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2Fc369f73bf6e873877e6ffd4a4a66bbd1.jpg https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550 18 pipe https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b51aa57a5288af87a4d85fb92ac25782.png de1ec6225cf874e24223c7106476c86f https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/16ba5caeb7fc4eb91976a355064def7c.png d38d6bb4be741f6cf3587adf2ccab7e1 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a7f1cbe350800266d58cdbcb4e3ef961.jpg 1f00b799c6155bc1454bbad6a918d77e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.google.com/search?q=chinese+porcelain+blue+and+white+flat&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwigzOyNxP_SAhWE0FQKHX8sCC4Q_AUIBigB&biw=1280&bih=591#tbm=isch&q=porcelain+box+blue+white&*&imgrc=3Yxg3E89sZtC9M Title A name given to the resource This is an example of the type of container that the porcelain sherd could have belonged to. The triangular shape of the sherd matches the triangular segments on the lid. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b0c4fb4a40bf485d12d5c4a2008fd91e.png 56fca8b02890807851e70893a48bf1c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Porcelain items could have been displayed on a cupboard such as this one. The cupboard itself is as much of an extravagant display of wealth as the items it stores. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://books.google.com/books?vid=HARVARD:32044034382374&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=true https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/61472809629e04b825fdab83a9ef7338.jpg 51462bd796fb900efca5097f4b5c2060 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Earlier versions of this 19th century Chinese junk were used to transport Chinese goods. The porcelain sherd most likely took a long voyage on one of these vessels. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://hollis.harvard.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=HVD "Chinese Junk" https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/28493fcc5c077db66585839c7f5f57f6.png b68d117164e973e82d2d43df6aaee16c https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/aa2db5b63e1b54e39baa26c363c1123b.png 37c0e5b7af0846863c9a39910cd9bf94 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Porcelain sherd Inventory Description Triangular piece of porcelain with a blue and white hand-painted degraded spear and dot design Peabody Number 2016.29.34 Intrasite H930, Feature 1, Level 3 Depth 95-108cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Porcelain Class 3 Sherd Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 0.7cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 6.0cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 5.0cm Culture/Period ca. 1817 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Porcelain sherd Subject The topic of the resource Sitting elegantly on a wealthy Bostonian’s sideboard, a porcelain lidded container acts as a physical embodiment of wealth and status. Accompanying the container is a collection of porcelain tableware reserved for special occasions. The cupboard, located in the kitchen where guests are entertained, is the stage upon which wealth is displayed for those lucky enough to visit such a high-class estate. Inside of the expensive, foreign-made box is a collection of personal items such as a double-toothed comb, a signet ring, and a handful of silver coins. A container of this sort made a long voyage from China in the 19th century, partly explaining its steep cost and rarity in early colonial New England. Trade networks contributed most of the early ceramics to the area, the Chinese trade network being one of less attainable and therefore higher-valued networks. Puritan values in colonial New England first emphasized simplicity and plainness. Extravagant displays of wealth were not looked favorably upon. However, over time this perspective loosened and outward signs of wealth became more acceptable in society. Having both a practical purpose for storing items and a social purpose of representing the owner’s wealth, the Chinese porcelain container remains a rare and exciting find. In Harvard Yard, a porcelain sherd reveals the range of wealth of those at the Old College. Description An account of the resource Blue and white, flat, triangular piece of Chinese porcelain. Slightly curved on the tip opposite of the design. Thickness increases towards this tip. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Lockwood, Luke Vincent. 1913. Colonial Furniture in America. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Christie's Amsterdam B.V. 1995. The Diana Cargo. London, England: White Bros (Printers) Ltd. 19 ceramic https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b76e674de4e83ec639a5a386933b00ba.JPG a9a6dc215488b0d91b028a1f0716309c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tin-glazed earthenware sherd. This ceramic sherd is distinguishable as tin-glazed earthenware by its buff pasty and shiny, fragile glaze. It is 1.9 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, and 0.4 cm thick. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo taken by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ae0b8dd94aad6399eade3e091ff73def.JPG fe0b177e62430d160fd2e4c277cd33cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Side profile of tin-glazed sherd. This photo of the sherd shows its very slight curvature, suggesting that the sherd may have come from a relatively flat vessel such as a plate. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo taken by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0f11904477fb634a4a3b51d61a8af679.jpg d15cd53d19594be41c881f69ea764391 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tin-glazed earthenware plate. Although the sherd shows no evidence colorful glaze, many tin-glazed earthenware plates were decorated with elaborate designs, increasing their value. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Plate.” Early 18th century. The Museum of Fine Arts website. Accessed May 1, 2017. http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/plate-61768. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1adefbc34231e24925be44d292cc5888.jpg 660075b1784cf304647e9d2d295b8c1a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Morning bever sketch. This is a 1930s sketch of an imagined 17th-18th-century Harvard student’s morning bever (breakfast). However, the tin-glazed sherd suggests that, at least at dinner, students had a more formal experience. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Chas. A. Lawrence. c. 1936. “Food at Harvard College in the 17th-18th century.” Harvard Archives website. Accessed May 1, 2017. http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork365138/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:1114862/catalog. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name 5 Pieces of Tin Glazed Earthenware Inventory Description 5 pieces of tin glazed earthenware of various sizes, all with plain white glaze Peabody Number 2016.29.394 Intrasite H931 Level 3 Depth 68-80cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Body Quantity 5 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.4 Culture/Period 1630-1790 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5 Pieces of Tin Glazed Earthenware Subject The topic of the resource This description and the accompanying photos discuss the largest of the five sherds of tin-glazed earthenware. This very small ceramic sherd may at first seem insignificant, but actually it helps us understand the history of dining culture at Harvard College in the early 18th century. This piece of tin-glazed earthenware has a very shallow curve to it, suggesting that it was once a part of a fairly flat vessel such as a plate. Tin-glazed earthenware plates became popular after around 1680 (“Tin-Glazed” 2002). And, in fact, this sherd was found in context with two pipe stems dating roughly to 1680-1710 (Hume 1969, 298). Tin-glazed earthenware products were made all over Europe, but the importation of any continental European ceramics to the colonies was banned from the late 17th century until after the American Revolution (Hume 1969, 141). Therefore, it seems most likely that the vessel from which with sherd came was manufactured in England. Until the end of the 18th century, Harvard College did very little to standardize the dishware used by students (Stubbs 1992, 501). In fact, into the 18th century, students were expected to provide most of their own dishware (Morison 1936, 28). If this tin-glazed earthenware sherd did come from a plate purchased by a student for his own use, then we can start to see how social class and economic means played into dining culture at Harvard. Evidence from previous excavations by the Old College suggest that locally produced redware was by far the most commonly used type of ceramic and makes up 70.6% of all ceramics (Stubbs 1992, 486). More expensive, imported tin-glazed earthenware, on the other hand, makes up only 16.3% of all ceramics (Stubbs 1992, 486). Through the early 18th century, even the dining culture at Harvard College was filled with markers of students’ social status. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Stubbs, John D. Underground Harvard: The Archaeology of College Life. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 1992. “Tin-Glazed.” 2002. Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland, accessed April 30, 2017, http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Tin-glazed.html. 18 ceramic tinglaze https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4c8e7f7376a3c5818ff62fdf62d6cce4.jpg 03885f4a73dffad292a9f6b5c31ce3a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The malleability of lead made it a popular choice for building components. Due to its low melting point, lead is rarely found fully in tact and is typically bent or twisted. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/66d3bf32675972a429b94d24bfc0623b.png 6c603c3158c9790562296b06033dd1a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The window maker's initials were often found on the lead casing. This was not visible in a completed window but instead served to identify failed window makers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Lead.pdf https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1634d2323caf375ce4cd632f83cf91f6.jpg 131e8c3031107b4185cc0e28de45ce50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Small, diamond-paned windows with one casement opening were very common in the 17th century. Lead bars commonly held these windows together. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.pinterest.com/kpucxe/17th-century-architectural-elements/ https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1d4014392ce1abcee598543e2672204d.jpg 394cb46bb25af8a6b8cb9c09a32253b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Indian College exhibiting the symmetrical window and door placement in the Colonial style of architecture in New England. This College served to house American Indian students. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/75d3cc7da38c115cefdba81a2d06ea6d.gif 99668c8fc9c753bd716249b315a8e97b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Windows were symmetrically aligned with doors and additional windows along the entire building. The symmetry exhibited in the 17th century buildings can still be found in more modern buildings at Harvard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://cambridgehistory.org/discover/Cambridge-Revolution/Harvard.html https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9d83f4292f44b70fd7dacf4267768a58.jpg 7ce708554ca8197799c07d8cc8f3241a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This map shows the relative location of the Old and Indian College in the 17th century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Turned Lead Window Casing Inventory Description The turned lead window casing is soft and malleable, used for connecting pieces of glass in windows in the 17th century. Peabody Number 2016.29.465 Intrasite H929 Level 5 Depth 80-95cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Turned Lead Quantity 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turned Lead Window Casing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Lead.pdf https://newengland.com/today/living/homes/new-england-architecture/ https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477 http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/a-new-view-of-harvard-in-the-17th-and-18th-centuries/ Davis, Andrew McFarland. The Early College Buildings at Cambridge. 19th-century Legal Treatises ; No. 37138. Worcester [Mass.]: C. Hamilton, 1890. http://www.news.harvard.edu/guide/intro http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/leadstainedglass/lead_stained_glass.htm http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1978/4/78.04.03.x.html https://www.wychavon.gov.uk/documents/10586/157693/wdc-planning-her-windowsleaflet1.pdf http://www.antiquehomesmagazine.com/info.php?info_id=6 Subject The topic of the resource Turned lead is often found on colonial sites and was used to hold glass and window frames together in the 17th century. The size of glass panes was restricted so architects would use rods of lead to create larger windows. Modeling the English, Harvard’s buildings typically followed a Colonial style during this time where windows had no trim or shutters. In the early 17th century, glass was expensive and difficult to obtain in New England, making glass windows an item of luxury. Since glass was imported from England, New England buildings with windows often only had small, diamond paned windows with one casement opening. Glassless windows were usually filled with oilpaper. Although generally precious at the time, Harvard invested in glass for its windows in the buildings as an attempt to pour resources into the College. During the construction of Harvard, the College bills showed a fair amount of repairs being done on the buildings with a capped budget, however the amount spent on glass did not have a limit. The amount of resources allocated towards Harvard, such as its glass, represented its importance within New England and the Colony more broadly. In 1643, the College announced its mission of the college: "To advance Learning and perpetuate it to Posterity; dreading to leave an illiterate Ministry to the Churches." Harvard’s political and religious impact on Massachusetts Bay promoted intellectual advancement in the Colony as being the first higher education institution to exist. 17 metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/722d4c86c507ff916592965215fb0118.jpg 13a1112e40d6af1fc8cae7b2c05865a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of a Clear Glass Tumbler Description An account of the resource This is bottom of a clear tumbler glass that was found in level 2 of unit H944. A tumbler is a short glass cup that is mainly used to hold alcohol. This tumbler has ridges on the sides and is relatively thick at all points. These kinds of glasses were primarily used in more formal settings as well. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo Courtesy: Ronni Cuccia Description source: (https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-glassware-their-uses/) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/60a060afde559e0bce3f84e912b3f560.png 2c1a59a8ae9b24d21664bbaa27e127d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harvard University : a brief statement of what Harvard University is, how it may be entered and how its degrees may be obtained Description An account of the resource This is page 96 of a book written by the secretary of Harvard College in 1893 in a book he wrote titled Harvard University: a brief statement of what Harvard University is, how it may be entered and how its degrees may be obtained. On this page about the religious exercises of the university, he mentioned how the college abolished mandatory Morning Prayer in 1886 and made all religious activity voluntary. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/servlet/MOML?dd=0&locID=camb55135&d1=19003220300&srchtp=a&c=1&an=19003220300&df=f&d2=96&docNum=F3702664400&CH=p_F3702664400&h2=1&af=RN&d6=96&d3=96&ste=10&d4=0.33&stp=Author&d5=d6&ae=F102664305 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/98caea821c7d0f2667f296fc3e1f7b9c.pdf b5f9cdb2e24f4b4c2bf4726935eb6f2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This is photo of a dining hall at Harvard with tumblers placed on the tables. Even though not all of these glasses might have been used for alcohol in this situation, surely there were some occasions where they were used to serve alcohol. The presence of the tumblers indicates that the rules about alcohol were more lenient than they were when the school was first founded. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://via.lib.harvard.edu:80/via/deliver/deepLinkItem?recordId=olvwork625488&componentId=HUL.ARCH:8056795 Title A name given to the resource Harvard Union Dining Hall https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ce90c7c5a2bd19a998e823b02a1bfe30.pdf 7d5a10b5ae30a3759c940718c7ec3e4d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://via.lib.harvard.edu:80/via/deliver/deepLinkItem?recordId=olvwork406678&componentId=HUL.ARCH:2019341 Title A name given to the resource Battle in Commons Hall Description An account of the resource This is a picture of people in early 1800s throwing food. All the glasses in the picture are for tea with no tumblers in sight. This indicates that Harvard’s policy on alcohol was stricter in the time when it was mandatory to practice Puritan beliefs. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Tumbler Inventory Description Glass Fragment Tumbler Peabody Number 2016.29.308 Culture/Period 19th Century Intrasite H944 Level 2 Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 11 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2 Depth 65-75 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Fragment Class 3 Tumbler Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tumbler Subject The topic of the resource From the beginning of Harvard College in 1636 until the late 19th century, the institution placed an emphasis on the Puritan religion that it was founded on. For instance, the Harvard motto “Veritas” used to be “Veritas pro Christo et Ecclesia” meaning Truth for Christ and Church. Harvard used to ban activities like smoking tobacco and consuming alcohol because of its Puritan roots. In 1869, a new President of the University, Charles W. Eliot, strayed away from the theology and to a more open environment. This meant less of a focus on religion and more of a focus on a secular education. The discovery of a 19th century glass tumbler at Harvard implies that there were people on campus who did consume alcohol. Tumblers, though, were commonly used for special occasions, which indicates that the consumption of alcohol on campus was not a recreation done by students in the shelter of their dorms, but more like a refreshment enjoyed by staff, professors, and of age students possibly over dinner. Basically, this implies that Harvard had a more accepting attitude about drinking alcohol at the end of the 19th century. In addition to more lenient rules on alcohol, in 1886, Harvard abolished the required Morning Prayer and made the practice of religion optional. This is a clear indication that the administration became less religious in the 19th century. There are also pictures of dining halls in the early 20th century at Harvard with tumblers lining the tables and a drawing of a dining hall in the early 19th century with no tumblers in sight. These both confirm the notion that Harvard progressively became more secular near the end of the 19th century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/files/FINAL.Dig_.Ver_.rack_.updt%20for%20web.pdf https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-glassware-their-uses/ http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/3/8/harvards-secularization-harvard-has-never-been/ 19 glass