58 20 1145 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ade5ab9896ec81321d9d7144b60ec388.JPG a5aed53ff967e50f3f9aaa9a1e912665 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This flint glass fragment is clear, but has a grey tint. The body of the glass is smooth to the touch and has a rounded edge that is often found in tavern glasses, or "thumpers". https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/453b310f0a585b9258e52abd5f032a76.png 1f8a04bd87400a40fa8c4c6ba023d754 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drinking alcohol at the taverns was not suitable behavior for young men at the College in 1799; therefore, the men were forced to pay a fine. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/97c7b36a9d961c6388b459b9e3d97c66.jpg d60ee9a4a36566bbe4fe62457aa78eb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com Title A name given to the resource A picture of a tavern glass, or a "thumper", that could have been used at Bush Tavern. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ac8fa2441dd60178978ee56a0886735e.png 50ac5cd5d05020e8f7b38067952afc63 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In upper left hand corner, the Harvard Rule book of the late 18th century references that students of the College are banned to go to taverns without being accompanied by the President, his parents, or a tutor. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Flint Tavern Glass Fragment Peabody Number 2016.29.152 Intrasite H929 Level 4 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Fragment Class 3 Bottle Quantity 1 Depth 70-85 cm Culture/Period Late 18th Century/Early 19th Century Inventory Description Object is a fragment of a tavern glass. It is clear, but has a grey cast and is smooth to the touch. The rim of its bottle is circular and appears to be a part of a larger drinking vessel. The glass also appears to be uneven, giving clues that it was handblown. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flint Tavern Glass Fragment Subject The topic of the resource Since glassmaking was the first industry in America, glass artifacts are able to reveal many clues about early Americans’ daily lives, social hierarchy, and the beginnings of Harvard. This glass shard was once a part of late 18th century tavern glass, often referred to as a “thumper”. In a 18th century Colonial American tavern, or an “ordinary” as it was referenced in Puritan Massachusetts, the thumper was filled with varying alcohols ranging from beers and ciders to wines and mixed drinks; however, rum was the staple of every tavern since it was a liquor that was unique to the colonies. Although one of the primary functions of the tavern was to carry on the traditions of British drinking, the early taverns surrounding Harvard had stricter practices on drinking and drunkenness was strongly looked down upon with the dominating Puritan culture of the time. Drinking out of this piece of clear flint glass with a grey cast, members of each social and economic class were able to engage in discussion and form a community in a Puritan Massachusetts ordinary, although some communities did not welcome Native Americans or African Americans. The 18th century men of Harvard could often be found at the tavern on Dunster Street discussing politics, their academics, or the latest gossip going around the College. Although it is a small piece of flint glass, this artifact signifies a community formed within an ordinary that was made up of differing social classes and that allowed discussion of politics, society, and travel to prosper. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Daniels, B. C. (2005). Puritans at play: leisure and recreation in colonial New England. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Field, E. (2007). The colonial tavern: a glimpse of New England town life in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Place of publication not identified: Kessinger Publishing. Howe, D. W. (1899). The Puritan republic of the Massachusetts bay in New England. Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill. Struzinski, Steven (2002) " The Tavern in Colonial America," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 1, Article 7. https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:51409343$4i http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com/webpages/Item6841.html 18 19 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/43c9b73759ab0a52ef1b99e48f032cf7.jpg 6fa977470821a78c75930c7a42f79317 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of wine bottle https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5ef6a8556b0282f28052bae882584e9b.png 9e0b6c8ed5ce12364cb314095f363f03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Food fight in Commons Hall in 1819. The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls. Subject The topic of the resource The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/602aedac0b03a36f835a359cf51e1aae.png 5d0aa2be013f00ce942e6a1dd166da13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Waiters of Memorial Hall 1890. Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent. Subject The topic of the resource Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/333cf9c91eab542ec849cd27e62cb5ea.jpg c8a91e2aacd0df5ad5407376de17f32b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sample menu from 19th century Harvard Dining Hall listing both breakfast and dinner options. This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University. Corporation. College Book 1, 1636-1810. UAI 5.5, Harvard University Archives. Subject The topic of the resource This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name 19th century wine/cordial Culture/Period 19th century Depth 65-75 Quantity 10 pieces Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 6cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Inventory Description Noel Hume’s recount of the evolution of the wine bottle allows us to conclude that this wine bottle fragment we excavated was most likely from a bottle in the 19th century. The wine bottle fragment we found has a narrow body and medium size kick up and these characteristics correspond to a 19th century wine bottle. Intrasite H944 Level 2 Peabody Number 2016.29.302 Notes Date found: October 27th, 2016 Class 1 Glass Class 2 bottle glass Class 3 green glass Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 19th Century Wine Bottle Description An account of the resource During the 19th century, some students at Harvard could barely afford to eat as is evidenced by students’ inability to find decent and affordable food after the closure of dining halls in 1825. The excavation of this wine bottle draws attention to divide between the lower and upper class with respect to dining and drinking. Some students were members of social/dining clubs and could afford to drink expensive wines, whereas others could barely afford the Harvard dining hall. In 1807 students engaged in a rebellion against the dining services at Harvard, stating “their biscuits were bad and coffee bitter” and because of this pushback the college eventually closed their dining halls in 1825 and allowed students to dine outside the college. Image 1 depicts a satirical picture of food fights in the dining hall to emphasize the protest of dining hall conditions. While some students could afford to be part of social dining and drinking clubs such as the porcelain club, the fly club and the AD club when Harvard dining halls closed, many could not afford the cost that came with the dining hall closure. The college realized that students from less privileged backgrounds needed Harvard dining services so reopened The Harvard dining association in 1874. This narrative demonstrates how although our excavation of wine bottles may lead us to believe that students were wealthy and could afford alcoholic beverages, this may have not actually been the case. Many students struggled to find food at economical costs and therefore were probably unable to carouse and drink with their classmates. Therefore, a deep divide must have existed between those of the upper class who could were privileged enough to afford the luxury of drinking and those who were not. Some students of a lower class may have felt alienated from those that were from a more elite group because they could not afford to drink and socialize with wealthier students. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 27 2016 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Nöel. 2001. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Page 60-70. Harvard University. Harvard Commons Records, 1686-1829. UAI 15.250, Harvard University Archives. http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/deepLink?_collection=oasis&uniqueId=hua09011 Harvard University. The History of Food and Dining at Harvard, July 25th 2016, http://guides.library.harvard.edu/hua/Food_Dining 19 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0ea0ad6103662484f63076a57937eebf.jpg a68f83178010108288a4857d6e5c783f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Six fragments of a bottle of Hood's Sarsaparilla, a popular brand in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries that was produced in Lowell, MA. Embossed lettering indicates the contents and manufacturer. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8eb01ad193b1c4f713c9fb91076bb491.jpg e19ca4fd908b00ebd2856ab5f9046078 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Embossed words visible include “COMPOUND” and “SARSA” as well as “U.S.A.” and the second half of the name of the city of Lowell, where the bottle was manufactured. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d93e3ec682816f19f48d88d888101d92.jpg fa1acd51547d39b45ace6471ce327f41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Neck and base of the bottle. Seams from a mold are visible on the neck, and a pontil mark can be seen on the base, which is flat with no noticeable kick-up. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7d92068b9eeca9d58a3d1a806f3fefff.jpg 39e4df0ba4b07c0ecb5fcc4c99090533 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An undated ad for Hood's Sarsaparilla detailing its many health benefits. Sarsaparilla was commonly used at home to cure a variety of ailments, many of which were broadly defined. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/ https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e15eb879ea0e891e15dda00865f79d51.jpg bb34c2a7764c6d4b77ac3ac9e6ea0fc5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An ad for Hood's Sarsaparilla published in the Ann Arbor Argus on April 8, 1898 including a testimonial from a nursing mother. Sarsaparilla was marketed to everyone as a common household cure-all. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Aqua Patent Bottle Fragments Inventory Description Aqua patent bottle made with a mold. It is embossed HOOD'S / COMPOUND / EXTRACT / SARSA / PARILLA - C. I. HOOD & CO - LOWELL MASS. It dates to the late 1890's or early 1900's and contained one of the most popular sarsaparilla brands of the time. Peabody Number 2016.29.61 Intrasite H933 Level 1 Depth 47-56cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Aqua bottle glass Quantity 7 Culture/Period 1890's-early 1900's Height (cm) Dimension of Object 11.9 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 6.9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aqua Patent Bottle Fragments Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Griffin, Jessica. 2014. “Hood’s Sarsaparilla, Lowell, MA.” Old Main Artifacts website, January 21. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/. Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf. Lindsey, Bill. 2016. “Bottle Typing/Diagnostic Shapes: Medicinal/Chemical/Druggist Bottles.” Society for Historical Archaeology website, November 20. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://sha.org/bottle/medicinal.htm. Subject The topic of the resource In the colonial period, little was known about health, so practices to address it were suspect. Most medications were self-prescribed and administered, as doctors were scarce and often poorly trained. This led to a proliferation of patent or proprietary medicines that continued into the 20th Century (Lindsey 2016). Colonial medications were naturally derived, and marketed to cure a wide variety of illnesses. Most popular in the mid-19th Century, sarsaparilla contained 18% alcohol and was made from root extracts (Lindsey 2016, Griffin 2014). It was thought to purify the blood and even cure heart disease, edema, rheumatism and scrofula (Griffin 2014). As a medication, sarsaparilla may have escaped scrutiny under the alcohol rules of the college. This bottle was produced by C.I. Hood & Co. of Lowell, Massachusetts. The company was founded in 1875, and produced a number of medicines including sarsaparilla (Griffin 2014). Hood’s and its main competition, Ayer’s Sarsaparilla, were some of the biggest pharmaceutical advertisers of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, when sarsaparilla use started to become less medicinal (Lindsey 2016). In the early colonial period, pharmaceutical bottles were characterized by conical kick-ups that flattened by the mid-19th Century (Hume 1969, 73). Rectangular glass bottles with indented panels were popular throughout the 19th Century, with embossed words appearing at the height of the patent medicine boom in the second half of the century (Lindsey 2016). Regulations on drug labeling and manufacturing didn’t arise until the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, so most early patent medicine bottles (such as this one) were embossed with the contents and name of the manufacturer (Lindsey 2016). 19 20 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6422ad5e4ce2999417de82b64d047c39 41e9c087e01a5078d0c961ed7ddeccbc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a href="http://www.peabody.harvard.edu">Peabody Museum</a> Title A name given to the resource Plinth Squint Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2009.9.5156 Description An account of the resource Brick, fragment, nine-sided, brownish-red, wedge-shaped at one end https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c57df95bfa5cbe6752059ae6fa30f0db 6324c7d873d9803982e71affe899ad64 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/71b317c2e3083a24f74b32d946b74dfa.jpg a50e0649327bf613d2cb36836011f447 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/cf331707fd6e84ec55e098e44acdb2d1.jpg 518d5ae3fc34aa76d0b89a3c787e3c8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1879 archival letter. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.COUNT:25666882 http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/prod/cna/med00230c00026 Archaeological Find Classification Fragment Department Archaeological Geography / Provenience North America/United States/Massachusetts/Middlesex County/Cambridge/Harvard Yard Intrasite H724 Level 1 Materials Glass Dimensions Overall: 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2 cm (11/16 x 1/2 x 1/16 in.) URL http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.COUNT:25666897 http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/prod/cna/med00230c00020 Depth 0-32cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2007.20.2712 Title A name given to the resource Yellow Glass Sherd Description An account of the resource Glass, fragment, flattened, yellow-brown Yellow Glass Sherd Subject The topic of the resource Tucked away in the far south of the White City was the Anthropology Building. While the Fair opened to the public in May 1893, construction delays resulted in the opening of the Anthropology Department in July, months after the Fair opened to the public. The outdoor exhibits, however, had opened on time and fairgoers could view Navajo weavers and meander through a Penobscot Village. Armed with a budget of $100,000, Putnam relied on personal and professional relationships to develop the Anthropology Building. He commissioned nearly 100 field researchers and collectors to amass collections that were used to create 314 exhibits of objects, mannequins, and dioramas inside the building. The result was a comparative, sensory-rich display of the world’s people, past and present. Boas was Putnam’s second-in-command, focusing his efforts on creating the Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl) Village outside the building and the physical anthropology lab inside the building, which featured photos, human remains and measurements of Native American children as well as an area where the fairgoer could be measured.