58
20
1152
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4c8e7f7376a3c5818ff62fdf62d6cce4.jpg
03885f4a73dffad292a9f6b5c31ce3a8
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The malleability of lead made it a popular choice for building components. Due to its low melting point, lead is rarely found fully in tact and is typically bent or twisted.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/66d3bf32675972a429b94d24bfc0623b.png
6c603c3158c9790562296b06033dd1a7
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The window maker's initials were often found on the lead casing. This was not visible in a completed window but instead served to identify failed window makers.
Source
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https://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Lead.pdf
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1634d2323caf375ce4cd632f83cf91f6.jpg
131e8c3031107b4185cc0e28de45ce50
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Small, diamond-paned windows with one casement opening were very common in the 17th century. Lead bars commonly held these windows together.
Source
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https://www.pinterest.com/kpucxe/17th-century-architectural-elements/
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1d4014392ce1abcee598543e2672204d.jpg
394cb46bb25af8a6b8cb9c09a32253b8
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The Indian College exhibiting the symmetrical window and door placement in the Colonial style of architecture in New England. This College served to house American Indian students.
Source
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https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/75d3cc7da38c115cefdba81a2d06ea6d.gif
99668c8fc9c753bd716249b315a8e97b
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Windows were symmetrically aligned with doors and additional windows along the entire building. The symmetry exhibited in the 17th century buildings can still be found in more modern buildings at Harvard.
Source
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http://cambridgehistory.org/discover/Cambridge-Revolution/Harvard.html
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9d83f4292f44b70fd7dacf4267768a58.jpg
7ce708554ca8197799c07d8cc8f3241a
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This map shows the relative location of the Old and Indian College in the 17th century.
Source
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https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477
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Title
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2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Turned Lead Window Casing
Inventory Description
The turned lead window casing is soft and malleable, used for connecting pieces of glass in windows in the 17th century.
Peabody Number
2016.29.465
Intrasite
H929 Level 5
Depth
80-95cm
Class 1
Metal
Class 2
Hardware
Class 3
Turned Lead
Quantity
1
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Title
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Turned Lead Window Casing
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Lead.pdf
https://newengland.com/today/living/homes/new-england-architecture/
https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/a-new-view-of-harvard-in-the-17th-and-18th-centuries/
Davis, Andrew McFarland. The Early College Buildings at Cambridge. 19th-century Legal Treatises ; No. 37138. Worcester [Mass.]: C. Hamilton, 1890.
http://www.news.harvard.edu/guide/intro
http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/leadstainedglass/lead_stained_glass.htm
http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1978/4/78.04.03.x.html
https://www.wychavon.gov.uk/documents/10586/157693/wdc-planning-her-windowsleaflet1.pdf
http://www.antiquehomesmagazine.com/info.php?info_id=6
Subject
The topic of the resource
Turned lead is often found on colonial sites and was used to hold glass and window frames together in the 17th century. The size of glass panes was restricted so architects would use rods of lead to create larger windows. Modeling the English, Harvard’s buildings typically followed a Colonial style during this time where windows had no trim or shutters. In the early 17th century, glass was expensive and difficult to obtain in New England, making glass windows an item of luxury. Since glass was imported from England, New England buildings with windows often only had small, diamond paned windows with one casement opening. Glassless windows were usually filled with oilpaper. Although generally precious at the time, Harvard invested in glass for its windows in the buildings as an attempt to pour resources into the College. During the construction of Harvard, the College bills showed a fair amount of repairs being done on the buildings with a capped budget, however the amount spent on glass did not have a limit. The amount of resources allocated towards Harvard, such as its glass, represented its importance within New England and the Colony more broadly. In 1643, the College announced its mission of the college: "To advance Learning and perpetuate it to Posterity; dreading to leave an illiterate Ministry to the Churches." Harvard’s political and religious impact on Massachusetts Bay promoted intellectual advancement in the Colony as being the first higher education institution to exist.
17
metal
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b76e674de4e83ec639a5a386933b00ba.JPG
a9a6dc215488b0d91b028a1f0716309c
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Tin-glazed earthenware sherd. This ceramic sherd is distinguishable as tin-glazed earthenware by its buff pasty and shiny, fragile glaze. It is 1.9 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, and 0.4 cm thick.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Photo taken by Emma City.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ae0b8dd94aad6399eade3e091ff73def.JPG
fe0b177e62430d160fd2e4c277cd33cb
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Side profile of tin-glazed sherd. This photo of the sherd shows its very slight curvature, suggesting that the sherd may have come from a relatively flat vessel such as a plate.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Photo taken by Emma City.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0f11904477fb634a4a3b51d61a8af679.jpg
d15cd53d19594be41c881f69ea764391
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Tin-glazed earthenware plate. Although the sherd shows no evidence colorful glaze, many tin-glazed earthenware plates were decorated with elaborate designs, increasing their value.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
“Plate.” Early 18th century. The Museum of Fine Arts website. Accessed May 1, 2017. http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/plate-61768.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1adefbc34231e24925be44d292cc5888.jpg
660075b1784cf304647e9d2d295b8c1a
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Morning bever sketch. This is a 1930s sketch of an imagined 17th-18th-century Harvard student’s morning bever (breakfast). However, the tin-glazed sherd suggests that, at least at dinner, students had a more formal experience.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Chas. A. Lawrence. c. 1936. “Food at Harvard College in the 17th-18th century.” Harvard Archives website. Accessed May 1, 2017.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork365138/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:1114862/catalog.
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Title
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2017 Assignment 3
Archaeological Find
Object Name
5 Pieces of Tin Glazed Earthenware
Inventory Description
5 pieces of tin glazed earthenware of various sizes, all with plain white glaze
Peabody Number
2016.29.394
Intrasite
H931 Level 3
Depth
68-80cm
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Sherd
Class 3
Body
Quantity
5
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.9
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.2
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
0.4
Culture/Period
1630-1790
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Title
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5 Pieces of Tin Glazed Earthenware
Subject
The topic of the resource
This description and the accompanying photos discuss the largest of the five sherds of tin-glazed earthenware. This very small ceramic sherd may at first seem insignificant, but actually it helps us understand the history of dining culture at Harvard College in the early 18th century.
This piece of tin-glazed earthenware has a very shallow curve to it, suggesting that it was once a part of a fairly flat vessel such as a plate. Tin-glazed earthenware plates became popular after around 1680 (“Tin-Glazed” 2002). And, in fact, this sherd was found in context with two pipe stems dating roughly to 1680-1710 (Hume 1969, 298).
Tin-glazed earthenware products were made all over Europe, but the importation of any continental European ceramics to the colonies was banned from the late 17th century until after the American Revolution (Hume 1969, 141). Therefore, it seems most likely that the vessel from which with sherd came was manufactured in England.
Until the end of the 18th century, Harvard College did very little to standardize the dishware used by students (Stubbs 1992, 501). In fact, into the 18th century, students were expected to provide most of their own dishware (Morison 1936, 28).
If this tin-glazed earthenware sherd did come from a plate purchased by a student for his own use, then we can start to see how social class and economic means played into dining culture at Harvard. Evidence from previous excavations by the Old College suggest that locally produced redware was by far the most commonly used type of ceramic and makes up 70.6% of all ceramics (Stubbs 1992, 486). More expensive, imported tin-glazed earthenware, on the other hand, makes up only 16.3% of all ceramics (Stubbs 1992, 486). Through the early 18th century, even the dining culture at Harvard College was filled with markers of students’ social status.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Stubbs, John D. Underground Harvard: The Archaeology of College Life. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 1992.
“Tin-Glazed.” 2002. Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland, accessed April 30, 2017, http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Tin-glazed.html.
18
ceramic
tinglaze
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b51aa57a5288af87a4d85fb92ac25782.png
de1ec6225cf874e24223c7106476c86f
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/16ba5caeb7fc4eb91976a355064def7c.png
d38d6bb4be741f6cf3587adf2ccab7e1
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a7f1cbe350800266d58cdbcb4e3ef961.jpg
1f00b799c6155bc1454bbad6a918d77e
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Source
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https://www.google.com/search?q=chinese+porcelain+blue+and+white+flat&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwigzOyNxP_SAhWE0FQKHX8sCC4Q_AUIBigB&biw=1280&bih=591#tbm=isch&q=porcelain+box+blue+white&*&imgrc=3Yxg3E89sZtC9M
Title
A name given to the resource
This is an example of the type of container that the porcelain sherd could have belonged to. The triangular shape of the sherd matches the triangular segments on the lid.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b0c4fb4a40bf485d12d5c4a2008fd91e.png
56fca8b02890807851e70893a48bf1c1
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Porcelain items could have been displayed on a cupboard such as this one. The cupboard itself is as much of an extravagant display of wealth as the items it stores.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://books.google.com/books?vid=HARVARD:32044034382374&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=true
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/61472809629e04b825fdab83a9ef7338.jpg
51462bd796fb900efca5097f4b5c2060
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Earlier versions of this 19th century Chinese junk were used to transport Chinese goods. The porcelain sherd most likely took a long voyage on one of these vessels.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://hollis.harvard.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=HVD
"Chinese Junk"
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/28493fcc5c077db66585839c7f5f57f6.png
b68d117164e973e82d2d43df6aaee16c
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/aa2db5b63e1b54e39baa26c363c1123b.png
37c0e5b7af0846863c9a39910cd9bf94
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Title
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2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Porcelain sherd
Inventory Description
Triangular piece of porcelain with a blue and white hand-painted degraded spear and dot design
Peabody Number
2016.29.34
Intrasite
H930, Feature 1, Level 3
Depth
95-108cm
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Porcelain
Class 3
Sherd
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
0.7cm
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
6.0cm
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
5.0cm
Culture/Period
ca. 1817
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Title
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Porcelain sherd
Subject
The topic of the resource
Sitting elegantly on a wealthy Bostonian’s sideboard, a porcelain lidded container acts as a physical embodiment of wealth and status. Accompanying the container is a collection of porcelain tableware reserved for special occasions. The cupboard, located in the kitchen where guests are entertained, is the stage upon which wealth is displayed for those lucky enough to visit such a high-class estate. Inside of the expensive, foreign-made box is a collection of personal items such as a double-toothed comb, a signet ring, and a handful of silver coins. A container of this sort made a long voyage from China in the 19th century, partly explaining its steep cost and rarity in early colonial New England. Trade networks contributed most of the early ceramics to the area, the Chinese trade network being one of less attainable and therefore higher-valued networks. Puritan values in colonial New England first emphasized simplicity and plainness. Extravagant displays of wealth were not looked favorably upon. However, over time this perspective loosened and outward signs of wealth became more acceptable in society. Having both a practical purpose for storing items and a social purpose of representing the owner’s wealth, the Chinese porcelain container remains a rare and exciting find. In Harvard Yard, a porcelain sherd reveals the range of wealth of those at the Old College.
Description
An account of the resource
Blue and white, flat, triangular piece of Chinese porcelain. Slightly curved on the tip opposite of the design. Thickness increases towards this tip.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Hume, Ivor Noel. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Lockwood, Luke Vincent. 1913. Colonial Furniture in America. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Christie's Amsterdam B.V. 1995. The Diana Cargo. London, England: White Bros (Printers) Ltd.
19
ceramic
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/89cec367cdfa52bc94d281f330be2755.jpg
1cfed3ef5a569a85f5e42a228e3c9160
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Title
A name given to the resource
Image One
Subject
The topic of the resource
4 pipe bowl fragments, probably dating to the 18th Century. A partial maker's mark is visible on the heel of the pipe bowl.
Description
An account of the resource
A photograph of the pipe fragments with the external side showing.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F89cec367cdfa52bc94d281f330be2755.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5dd44dea1ccfaf8a612a06bf4dfb79ba.jpg
03f33039a4490c7c4dcc3403c5d04d92
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Title
A name given to the resource
Image Two
Subject
The topic of the resource
A close-up of the maker's mark on the heel of the pipe bowl. Two letters are visible but only one, the letter 'E', is complete.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F5dd44dea1ccfaf8a612a06bf4dfb79ba.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c369f73bf6e873877e6ffd4a4a66bbd1.jpg
6df2b5c26f2bc17c5bf2e789c323c9fe
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Title
A name given to the resource
Image Three
Subject
The topic of the resource
A letter written in 1859 asking for a letter in return about the evils of chewing and smoking tobacco. From Mr Track to Reverend Walker.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Harvard College Papers Volume XXVI, January 12th 1859.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2Fc369f73bf6e873877e6ffd4a4a66bbd1.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f571b6f3a72357dfedd5d43bd18b6539.pdf
25fef35da54ee2ae43b1b7ea2e5598db
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Title
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Image Four
Subject
The topic of the resource
A poem written between 1685 and 1752, part of a collection called 'Gospel sonnets; or, Spiritual songs : in six parts.' by Ralph Erskine.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ce68cb01bcfc6f7c6a2d13c48a88bcd6.pdf
766fd404f6af01541ded224b1c44d2de
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Title
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Image Five
Subject
The topic of the resource
A poem written between 1685 and 1752, part of a collection called 'Gospel sonnets; or, Spiritual songs : in six parts.' by Ralph Erskine.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3ddf7c4829df4d93ff26ee4af508b5f5.pdf
972c1dbc8a5f4cfd3858e3a773bbbb14
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Title
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Image Six
Subject
The topic of the resource
A poem written between 1685 and 1752, part of a collection called 'Gospel sonnets; or, Spiritual songs : in six parts.' by Ralph Erskine.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550
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Title
A name given to the resource
2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Pipe Bowl Pieces
Inventory Description
4 pieces of a pipe bowl, with letters imprinted on the heel. Made of clay, probably from the 18th Century judging by the mark and the shape of the bowl.
Peabody Number
2016.29.35
Intrasite
H930 Level 3
Depth
75-85cm
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Pipe
Class 3
Pipe bowl
Quantity
4
Culture/Period
18th Century
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
4.1
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.3
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
0.55
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Title
A name given to the resource
Pipe bowl fragments
Subject
The topic of the resource
This artefact is a pipe bowl probably dating to the 18th Century, since it has two letters impressed on the bottom of the heel, which was probably a maker’s mark (Oswald, 1975). Smoking was a common habit at Harvard all through the Colonial period and after, as demonstrated by the large number of pipe stems found in digs at Harvard College and by comments in letters like the attached image from the 19th Century, decrying the ‘Evils of Tobacco.' Smoking or ‘drinking’ tobacco was explicitly banned in the College rules in the 17th Century (Loren, 2016), except in the case of medical prescription. Although in our century, we largely associate smoking with ill-health and think of it as a dangerous habit, in the 18th Century smoking tobacco was prescribed for a number of illnesses. According to one writer in 1712 (The virtues and excellency of the American Tobacco plant, 1712), smoking tobacco ‘destroys Worms in Human Bodies, and is likewise by Experience found to be a Remedy against Leprosies, Scurvy and Itch.’ Loren (2016) lists still further illnesses tobacco was thought to cure, and also points out that the use of tobacco by the English suggests exchange between Indian and European communities, as well as a shared emotional community around health and wellness. In colonial New England, health was not just a physical but also a spiritual matter. In the attached images, you can also see a poem pointing out the spiritual benefits of smoking tobacco, and how pipe-smoking can act as a spiritual experience and as a metaphor for the human soul.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Loren, D. D. (2016). Bodily protection: Dress, health, and anxiety in colonial New England. In The Archaeology of Anxiety (pp. 141-156). Springer New York.
Oswald, A. (1975). Clay pipes for the archaeologist.
The virtues and excellency of the American tobacco plant, for cure of diseases, and preservation of health: and the noxious qualities of the tobacco growing in Northern countries:
London: printed for R. Parker; and sold by J. Morphew, 1712.
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004861603.0001.000 (Accessed 04/04/17)
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F89cec367cdfa52bc94d281f330be2755.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F5dd44dea1ccfaf8a612a06bf4dfb79ba.jpg
Harvard College Papers Volume XXVI, January 12th 1859.
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https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433074856166;view=1up;seq=550
18
pipe
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9ce6084d52bd9ad7c671e704ba8ba4ae
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In the hurried production of the coin, some of the 1864 minted pieces were accidentally made with a smaller motto.
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Many people, filled with uncertainty about the nation’s future, turned to religion. As such, the 2-cent coin was the first to bear the motto “IN GOD WE TRUST," which is now a standard on coins.
Source
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http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Hierarchy.aspx?c=670&title=Two+Cent
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/907ee7d7a432c4ea6c63007b79dfd07d.jpg
d81d24923f190128ee2b4d61c73bba1d
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Memorial Hall was built to commemorate the lives of Harvard students and alumni who gave their lives to fight in the Civil War.
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http://www.vsba.com/projects/harvard-university-memorial-hall-loker-commons-and-sanders-theatre-restoration-and-renovation/
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2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
1864 Coin
Inventory Description
This is an 1864 2-cent coin. This 2-cent coin was minted in 1864 and is made up mostly of copper with some tin and zinc. The coin was designed by James Barton Longacre.
Peabody Number
2016.29.401
Culture/Period
1864
Intrasite
H935 Level 3
Depth
63-73cm
Class 1
Metal
Class 2
Personal
Class 3
Coin
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.2
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.2
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.2
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1864 Coin
Subject
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The 2-cent coin was only in circulation from 1864-1873. During this time period, the nation was embroiled in the Civil War and its immediate aftermath. The 2-cent coin was a departure from previous denominations and it is hypothesized that public acceptance of the coin was due to extreme shortage of coins during the War. The coin was most in demand from 1864-1866 and waned in popularity as the country recovered from the economic strifes of wartime. This particular coin was found at Harvard University, a school that was deeply affected by the Civil War. Harvard students and alumni served in the 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment beginning in 1861. Harvard affiliates fought on both sides of the war and a total of 1,662 men served. Of these men, 246 died and the 20th Massachusetts regiment is known for its high casualties. Although the men of Harvard were not pressured to join the cause, many chose to enlist, as did many alumni. Classes at Harvard continued during the war and the students who survived the carnage returned to graduate with their classmates. To commemorate the sacrifice that many Harvard men made for the Union, Memorial Hall was erected and dedicated in 1874. The names of Harvard men who fought for the Union are listed on plaques that are still on display in Memorial Hall today.
Source
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Giedroyc, Richard. "Two and Three Cents: Two Cent." Home Page - PCGS CoinFact. PCGS CoinFacts, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Hierarchy.aspx?c=670&title=Two+Cent>.
"History of 'In God We Trust'." U.S. Department of the Treasury. N.p., 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <https://www.treasury.gov/about/education/Pages/in-god-we-trust.aspx>.
Ireland, Corydon. "Blue, Gray, and Crimson." Harvard Gazette. Harvard University, 21 Mar. 2012. Web. 5 Apr. 2017. <http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/03/blue-gray-and-crimson/>.
"Two-cent Piece (United States)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Jan. 2017. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)>.
19
coin
metal
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/438426e96318e0125d792f7eab9ac7a5.jpg
e0e6b1cf91dbaf4296c35e1651f8ee7c
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Seventeenth-century red clay brick that was likely used in the original construction of the chimneys or cellar floor of the Old College (begun 1638, completed 1643).
Source
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(Davis, 1890).
Photograph taken by Rachel Harner.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0b9f766295f021b3ff95fe0adabf740.png
34d87e0b236fd6f3a95ca029c3604425
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Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=1
(modified by Rachel Harner)
Title
A name given to the resource
This 1933 conjectural drawing by Samuel Morison of the exterior of the Old College shows the building sided with wood and hypothesizes locations for several possible brick chimneys.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/aac7b6f0e5ba234d61dd181f441f8383.png
07f4c055f7bc0df5cf66f13d1a3c8ce7
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Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=7
(modified by Rachel Harner)
Title
A name given to the resource
Morison’s drawing of the first floor of the Old College. Possible chimney flues are outlined, and the cellar would have been located under the west bay of the building.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dee2e331dac051673b2911a69f0425ee.png
0bedb74616bcef32520c512034c75a01
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Map of Cambridge brickyards active in the 19th-century, demonstrating how large an industry brickmaking grew to become in Cambridge 200 years after the first bricks were made on Colonial soil.
Source
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Map by Charles W. Eliot, 2nd. Cambridge Historical Society. 1971. http://www.cambridgehistory.org/content/romance-brick
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0c02657fce471da53a9cad3ed7017f4.jpg
754f7041dde322a1de5c2831cb1b880e
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This is Massachusetts Hall today. Still used as a dormitory, the building is the second-oldest academic building still in use in America, its bricks having withstood 300 years of wear.
Source
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Harvard College Freshman Dean's Office. 2017. http://fdo.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ivy-yard
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2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Peabody Number
2016.29.332
Culture/Period
17th century
Intrasite
H942, Level 5
Depth
80-90cm
Class 1
Architectural
Class 2
Ceramic
Class 3
Brick
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
11.0cm
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
22.5cm
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
6.0cm
Object Name
Red Clay Brick with Handprint
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Red Clay Brick with Handprint
Source
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Davis, Andrew McFarland. “The early college buildings at Cambridge. From Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, April 30, 1890." Worcester, MA: C. Hamilton, 1890.
Harvard University. Harvard College Records. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1925.
Leighton, Henry and Heinrich Ries. History of the Clay-Working Industry in the United States. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1909.
Long, Burton G. "The Romance of Brick. Read at a meeting of the Cambridge Historical Society, March 28, 1971." Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Historical Society, 1978.
Stubbs, John Delano Jr., Ph.D. “Underground Harvard: The archaeology of college life.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 1992.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Though the Harvard of today is recognized the world over for its iconic red brick architecture, the first purpose-built structure, the Old College, was undoubtedly constructed of wood, with 4,000 boards purchased in 1642 to side the building as it neared completion (Davis 1890). This means that the bricks uncovered in our excavation served very specific purposes, likely either as part of a chimney or the cellar, which excavations in the mid-1980s discovered had a brick floor (Stubbs 1992). The decision to construct such a monumental building from wood was likely influenced by Massachusetts’ prolific timber trade, since bricks at this time were still largely imported from England as ballast in the bottom of ships (Long 1971). However, early Harvard College records include a £2.15 charge for brickmakers, suggesting the bricks used in the construction of the Old College were some of the first made in what was quickly becoming a major new industry (Stubs 1992). In fact, the first house in Massachusetts made entirely of brick was erected in Boston in 1638, two years after the first land grant for brickmaking was issued (Reis, Leighton 1909). The premature deterioration of the Old College, which by 1679 is only referred to in the past tense, coupled with rapidly expanding local brick production, surely played a deciding role in the choice to construct the neighboring Indian College (1655) and still-standing Massachusetts Hall (1720) with brick, cementing (literally and figuratively) the association of Harvard to red clay bricks just like this one (Davis 1890; Reis, Leighton 1909).
17
brick
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5f0e204bc8fe4a0919591cbbe9ffcb63.jpg
9de6e6086ae948f3b9513f2fde32b2c7
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Title
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Red Clay Tobacco Pipe Bowl
Source
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Photo Credit: David Ryan
Description
An account of the resource
Red clay tobacco pipes were very uncommon in New England during the 17th century at Harvard. Most of the red clay pipes found during this time were from Pamplin, Virginia.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c10f0ca183b728d1118ba76958d1a209.jpg
c04059580e902f8081d3737f06c5c109
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Red clay tobacco pipe bowls from Pamplin, Virginia.
Subject
The topic of the resource
This photo illustrates the differences between red clay tobacco pipes that have molds on their bowl compared to the plain ones like the one we discovered in Harvard Yard.
Source
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http://www.peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/images/stories/pipes/clay%20pipe%20red%20pamplin%20pipe%20factory%20pamplin%20city%20va.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/28ce1f983f2ed9ba7c1cc5e40d68fa80.pdf
9f3e1624e834d76a89fe011c13dfa3b7
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Adams House portrait of wealth and tobacco pipes
Subject
The topic of the resource
This portrait found in Adams House displays opulently dressed people; one man smoking from a pipe while many other pipes adorn the outer edge. This shows the significance of tobacco at Harvard as well as its link to social status.
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Photo Credit: David Ryan
The Coolidge Room, Randolph Hall, Adams House, Harvard College.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7a470a8c6b4b4909e7d8ad54f6eef816.png
5561e7a3f7ea3e9d57fe4faf077f1cbb
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The Statutes and Lawes of Harvard College, 1655.
Subject
The topic of the resource
This photo shows some of the rules of Harvard College from 1655 including the prohibition of tobacco from campus. These rules also highlight the social hierarchy that existed in everyday life at Harvard.
Source
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https://ia800204.us.archive.org/17/items/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog.pdf
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Title
A name given to the resource
2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Red Clay Pipe Bowl
Inventory Description
Red Clay Pipe Bowl
Peabody Number
2016.29.100
Intrasite
H932 Level 1
Depth
48-67
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Pipe
Class 3
Pipe Bowl
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
4
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.5
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.5
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Red Clay Pipe Bowl
Subject
The topic of the resource
This pipe was likely produced in the Pamplin area of Virginia, which indicates that not only that Harvard students broke the school’s smoking rules in the 17th century, but also that they invested in the endeavor. Although a large majority of people smoked tobacco daily in this time period (Hume, 1970), it was very uncommon for a student to own a red clay pipe during colonial New England, which implies that this student went to great lengths to display that he came from a wealthy background. Social status dictated most areas of life at Harvard during the 17th century such as which buildings students lived in, where they ate and whether they were admitted to the college in the first place (Hall, 1856). Social status could be differentiated from smoker to smoker through the material of the pipe and the engravings or lack of on the pipe bowl. Tobacco was very inexpensive during this time period so it was common for most people to indulge recreationally, medicinally and even as a food substitute.
The fact that there are no engravings or molds on this particular bowl suggests that the owner of it was not of exuberant wealth to pay for an intricate design. Of course, just as in the present day, the rules at Harvard then still prohibited the use of tobacco on campus and in dorm rooms.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf.
Hall, Benjamin H. 1856. “A Collection of College Words and Customs”. Cambridge: John Bartlett.
Capone, Patricia & Elinor Downes. 2004. “Red Clay Tobacco Pipes: Petrographic Window into Seventeenth Century Economics at Jamestown, Virginia and New England.” In S. Lafferty & R. Mann (Eds). Smoking and Culture: The Archaeology of Tobacco Pipes in Eastern North America. “ Univ. of Tennessee Press.
17
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pipe
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a5aed53ff967e50f3f9aaa9a1e912665
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This flint glass fragment is clear, but has a grey tint. The body of the glass is smooth to the touch and has a rounded edge that is often found in tavern glasses, or "thumpers".
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/453b310f0a585b9258e52abd5f032a76.png
1f8a04bd87400a40fa8c4c6ba023d754
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Drinking alcohol at the taverns was not suitable behavior for young men at the College in 1799; therefore, the men were forced to pay a fine.
Source
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https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/97c7b36a9d961c6388b459b9e3d97c66.jpg
d60ee9a4a36566bbe4fe62457aa78eb2
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http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com
Title
A name given to the resource
A picture of a tavern glass, or a "thumper", that could have been used at Bush Tavern.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ac8fa2441dd60178978ee56a0886735e.png
50ac5cd5d05020e8f7b38067952afc63
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In upper left hand corner, the Harvard Rule book of the late 18th century references that students of the College are banned to go to taverns without being accompanied by the President, his parents, or a tutor.
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Title
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2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Flint Tavern Glass Fragment
Peabody Number
2016.29.152
Intrasite
H929 Level 4
Class 1
Glass
Class 2
Fragment
Class 3
Bottle
Quantity
1
Depth
70-85 cm
Culture/Period
Late 18th Century/Early 19th Century
Inventory Description
Object is a fragment of a tavern glass. It is clear, but has a grey cast and is smooth to the touch. The rim of its bottle is circular and appears to be a part of a larger drinking vessel. The glass also appears to be uneven, giving clues that it was handblown.
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Title
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Flint Tavern Glass Fragment
Subject
The topic of the resource
Since glassmaking was the first industry in America, glass artifacts are able to reveal many clues about early Americans’ daily lives, social hierarchy, and the beginnings of Harvard. This glass shard was once a part of late 18th century tavern glass, often referred to as a “thumper”. In a 18th century Colonial American tavern, or an “ordinary” as it was referenced in Puritan Massachusetts, the thumper was filled with varying alcohols ranging from beers and ciders to wines and mixed drinks; however, rum was the staple of every tavern since it was a liquor that was unique to the colonies. Although one of the primary functions of the tavern was to carry on the traditions of British drinking, the early taverns surrounding Harvard had stricter practices on drinking and drunkenness was strongly looked down upon with the dominating Puritan culture of the time. Drinking out of this piece of clear flint glass with a grey cast, members of each social and economic class were able to engage in discussion and form a community in a Puritan Massachusetts ordinary, although some communities did not welcome Native Americans or African Americans. The 18th century men of Harvard could often be found at the tavern on Dunster Street discussing politics, their academics, or the latest gossip going around the College. Although it is a small piece of flint glass, this artifact signifies a community formed within an ordinary that was made up of differing social classes and that allowed discussion of politics, society, and travel to prosper.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Daniels, B. C. (2005). Puritans at play: leisure and recreation in colonial New England. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Field, E. (2007). The colonial tavern: a glimpse of New England town life in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Place of publication not identified: Kessinger Publishing.
Howe, D. W. (1899). The Puritan republic of the Massachusetts bay in New England. Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill.
Struzinski, Steven (2002) " The Tavern in Colonial America," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 1, Article 7.
https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i
https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:51409343$4i
http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com/webpages/Item6841.html
18
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glass
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6fa977470821a78c75930c7a42f79317
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Title
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Fragment of wine bottle
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5ef6a8556b0282f28052bae882584e9b.png
9e0b6c8ed5ce12364cb314095f363f03
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Food fight in Commons Hall in 1819. The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls.
Subject
The topic of the resource
The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/602aedac0b03a36f835a359cf51e1aae.png
5d0aa2be013f00ce942e6a1dd166da13
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Waiters of Memorial Hall 1890. Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/333cf9c91eab542ec849cd27e62cb5ea.jpg
c8a91e2aacd0df5ad5407376de17f32b
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Sample menu from 19th century Harvard Dining Hall listing both breakfast and dinner options. This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Harvard University. Corporation. College Book 1, 1636-1810. UAI 5.5, Harvard University Archives.
Subject
The topic of the resource
This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide.
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Title
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2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
19th century wine/cordial
Culture/Period
19th century
Depth
65-75
Quantity
10 pieces
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
4cm
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
6cm
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
4cm
Inventory Description
Noel Hume’s recount of the evolution of the wine bottle allows us to conclude that this wine bottle fragment we excavated was most likely from a bottle in the 19th century. The wine bottle fragment we found has a narrow body and medium size kick up and these characteristics correspond to a 19th century wine bottle.
Intrasite
H944 Level 2
Peabody Number
2016.29.302
Notes
Date found: October 27th, 2016
Class 1
Glass
Class 2
bottle glass
Class 3
green glass
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
19th Century Wine Bottle
Description
An account of the resource
During the 19th century, some students at Harvard could barely afford to eat as is evidenced by students’ inability to find decent and affordable food after the closure of dining halls in 1825. The excavation of this wine bottle draws attention to divide between the lower and upper class with respect to dining and drinking. Some students were members of social/dining clubs and could afford to drink expensive wines, whereas others could barely afford the Harvard dining hall. In 1807 students engaged in a rebellion against the dining services at Harvard, stating “their biscuits were bad and coffee bitter” and because of this pushback the college eventually closed their dining halls in 1825 and allowed students to dine outside the college. Image 1 depicts a satirical picture of food fights in the dining hall to emphasize the protest of dining hall conditions. While some students could afford to be part of social dining and drinking clubs such as the porcelain club, the fly club and the AD club when Harvard dining halls closed, many could not afford the cost that came with the dining hall closure. The college realized that students from less privileged backgrounds needed Harvard dining services so reopened The Harvard dining association in 1874. This narrative demonstrates how although our excavation of wine bottles may lead us to believe that students were wealthy and could afford alcoholic beverages, this may have not actually been the case. Many students struggled to find food at economical costs and therefore were probably unable to carouse and drink with their classmates. Therefore, a deep divide must have existed between those of the upper class who could were privileged enough to afford the luxury of drinking and those who were not. Some students of a lower class may have felt alienated from those that were from a more elite group because they could not afford to drink and socialize with wealthier students.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 27 2016
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Hume, Ivor Nöel. 2001. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Page 60-70.
Harvard University. Harvard Commons Records, 1686-1829. UAI 15.250, Harvard University Archives. http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/deepLink?_collection=oasis&uniqueId=hua09011
Harvard University. The History of Food and Dining at Harvard, July 25th 2016, http://guides.library.harvard.edu/hua/Food_Dining
19
glass
-
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a68f83178010108288a4857d6e5c783f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Six fragments of a bottle of Hood's Sarsaparilla, a popular brand in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries that was produced in Lowell, MA. Embossed lettering indicates the contents and manufacturer.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8eb01ad193b1c4f713c9fb91076bb491.jpg
e19ca4fd908b00ebd2856ab5f9046078
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Embossed words visible include “COMPOUND” and “SARSA” as well as “U.S.A.” and the second half of the name of the city of Lowell, where the bottle was manufactured.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d93e3ec682816f19f48d88d888101d92.jpg
fa1acd51547d39b45ace6471ce327f41
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Neck and base of the bottle. Seams from a mold are visible on the neck, and a pontil mark can be seen on the base, which is flat with no noticeable kick-up.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7d92068b9eeca9d58a3d1a806f3fefff.jpg
39e4df0ba4b07c0ecb5fcc4c99090533
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Title
A name given to the resource
An undated ad for Hood's Sarsaparilla detailing its many health benefits. Sarsaparilla was commonly used at home to cure a variety of ailments, many of which were broadly defined.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e15eb879ea0e891e15dda00865f79d51.jpg
bb34c2a7764c6d4b77ac3ac9e6ea0fc5
Dublin Core
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Title
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An ad for Hood's Sarsaparilla published in the Ann Arbor Argus on April 8, 1898 including a testimonial from a nursing mother. Sarsaparilla was marketed to everyone as a common household cure-all.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Aqua Patent Bottle Fragments
Inventory Description
Aqua patent bottle made with a mold. It is embossed HOOD'S / COMPOUND / EXTRACT / SARSA / PARILLA - C. I. HOOD & CO - LOWELL MASS. It dates to the late 1890's or early 1900's and contained one of the most popular sarsaparilla brands of the time.
Peabody Number
2016.29.61
Intrasite
H933 Level 1
Depth
47-56cm
Class 1
Glass
Class 2
Bottle glass
Class 3
Aqua bottle glass
Quantity
7
Culture/Period
1890's-early 1900's
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
11.9
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
6.9
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
4.3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Aqua Patent Bottle Fragments
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Griffin, Jessica. 2014. “Hood’s Sarsaparilla, Lowell, MA.” Old Main Artifacts website, January 21. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://oldmainartifacts.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/hoods-sarsaparilla-lowell-ma/.
Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf.
Lindsey, Bill. 2016. “Bottle Typing/Diagnostic Shapes: Medicinal/Chemical/Druggist Bottles.” Society for Historical Archaeology website, November 20. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://sha.org/bottle/medicinal.htm.
Subject
The topic of the resource
In the colonial period, little was known about health, so practices to address it were suspect. Most medications were self-prescribed and administered, as doctors were scarce and often poorly trained. This led to a proliferation of patent or proprietary medicines that continued into the 20th Century (Lindsey 2016). Colonial medications were naturally derived, and marketed to cure a wide variety of illnesses. Most popular in the mid-19th Century, sarsaparilla contained 18% alcohol and was made from root extracts (Lindsey 2016, Griffin 2014). It was thought to purify the blood and even cure heart disease, edema, rheumatism and scrofula (Griffin 2014). As a medication, sarsaparilla may have escaped scrutiny under the alcohol rules of the college.
This bottle was produced by C.I. Hood & Co. of Lowell, Massachusetts. The company was founded in 1875, and produced a number of medicines including sarsaparilla (Griffin 2014). Hood’s and its main competition, Ayer’s Sarsaparilla, were some of the biggest pharmaceutical advertisers of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, when sarsaparilla use started to become less medicinal (Lindsey 2016).
In the early colonial period, pharmaceutical bottles were characterized by conical kick-ups that flattened by the mid-19th Century (Hume 1969, 73). Rectangular glass bottles with indented panels were popular throughout the 19th Century, with embossed words appearing at the height of the patent medicine boom in the second half of the century (Lindsey 2016). Regulations on drug labeling and manufacturing didn’t arise until the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, so most early patent medicine bottles (such as this one) were embossed with the contents and name of the manufacturer (Lindsey 2016).
19
20
glass
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6422ad5e4ce2999417de82b64d047c39
41e9c087e01a5078d0c961ed7ddeccbc
Dublin Core
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Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<a href="http://www.peabody.harvard.edu">Peabody Museum</a>
Title
A name given to the resource
Plinth Squint
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2009.9.5156
Description
An account of the resource
Brick, fragment, nine-sided, brownish-red, wedge-shaped at one end
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c57df95bfa5cbe6752059ae6fa30f0db
6324c7d873d9803982e71affe899ad64
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/71b317c2e3083a24f74b32d946b74dfa.jpg
a50e0649327bf613d2cb36836011f447
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/cf331707fd6e84ec55e098e44acdb2d1.jpg
518d5ae3fc34aa76d0b89a3c787e3c8f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1879 archival letter.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.COUNT:25666882
http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/prod/cna/med00230c00026
Archaeological Find
Classification
Fragment
Department
Archaeological
Geography / Provenience
North America/United States/Massachusetts/Middlesex County/Cambridge/Harvard Yard
Intrasite
H724 Level 1
Materials
Glass
Dimensions
Overall: 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2 cm (11/16 x 1/2 x 1/16 in.)
URL
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.COUNT:25666897
http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/prod/cna/med00230c00020
Depth
0-32cm
Dublin Core
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Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2007.20.2712
Title
A name given to the resource
Yellow Glass Sherd
Description
An account of the resource
Glass, fragment, flattened, yellow-brown
Yellow Glass Sherd
Subject
The topic of the resource
Tucked away in the far south of the White City was the Anthropology Building. While the Fair opened to the public in May 1893, construction delays resulted in the opening of the Anthropology Department in July, months after the Fair opened to the public. The outdoor exhibits, however, had opened on time and fairgoers could view Navajo weavers and meander through a Penobscot Village.
Armed with a budget of $100,000, Putnam relied on personal and professional relationships to develop the Anthropology Building. He commissioned nearly 100 field researchers and collectors to amass collections that were used to create 314 exhibits of objects, mannequins, and dioramas inside the building. The result was a comparative, sensory-rich display of the world’s people, past and present. Boas was Putnam’s second-in-command, focusing his efforts on creating the Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl) Village outside the building and the physical anthropology lab inside the building, which featured photos, human remains and measurements of Native American children as well as an area where the fairgoer could be measured.