52 20 1145 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Tobacco pipe stem Inventory Description Tobacco pipe stem Peabody Number 2025.8.288 Intrasite H987 level 5 Depth 52-59 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.1 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .6 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .6 Century 1750-1800 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tobacco pipe stem https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a170c6d449a2b0edf3684934689f0758.jpeg 222df67cb8632251959f2fea7b7464bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource These are cross mended fragments of a dining plate that was found in Level 1 of Unit H958 in Harvard Yard https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a13a3b226d756a3bf53f2abefc9640da.jpg d7d45aef4dc4877d5a0cb086e969a1cd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Federal Reserve Feature 30 Description An account of the resource a. This pearlware plate, dated to c.1814, depicts an American scene with a continuous floral design on edge. The center illustration reflects the rising demand for American designs from the colonies, and the detail and symmetry exemplify the improvement made with transfer printing over other techniques. Also pictured in back is the Ridgway maker’s mark, a prominent Staffordshire pottery. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/Post-Colonial%20Ceramics/Printed%20Earthenwares/Central%20Designs/Thumbnail%20pages/British%20and%20American%20Central%20Designs.htm https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/17e9bc31d62992f9ed8541fd2e57d5e1.jpg 53c0d32356f9774ecd01ffa20b595608 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Federal Reserve Feature 30 Description An account of the resource a. This pearlware plate, dated to c.1814, depicts an American scene with a continuous floral design on edge. The center illustration reflects the rising demand for American designs from the colonies, and the detail and symmetry exemplify the improvement made with transfer printing over other techniques. Also pictured in back is the Ridgway maker’s mark, a prominent Staffordshire pottery. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/Post-Colonial%20Ceramics/Printed%20Earthenwares/Central%20Designs/Thumbnail%20pages/British%20and%20American%20Central%20Designs.htm https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6ffc7a8e0e6db5024babf055ef4c32c2.jpg 9b07ec615f7cf77cbf4e674f9aedb5c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kilns in Hanley – 1930 Description An account of the resource This image depicts the growth of pottery industrialization in Hanley, part of Staffordshire. It is representative of how pottery went from the hands of individual skilled potters to being mass produced in factories, as was the case with transfer printed pearlware in the early 18th century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.thepotteries.org/six_towns/hanley.htm Archaeological Find Object Name Transfer Printed Pearlware Sherds Inventory Description 3 Transfer Printed Pearlware Sherds Peabody Number 2018.24.75 Intrasite H958 Level 1 Depth 50-60cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Pearlware Quantity 3 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.9 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .6 Notes 3 Transfer Printed Pearlware Sherds. Fenced Design. All 3 Sherds cross-mend Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transfer Print Pearlware Sherds Subject The topic of the resource Transfer Print Pearlware as part of improvement in technology and a global economy Description An account of the resource Transfer printed pearlware like the ceramic depicted gives us a sense of the rapid improvement in technology as well as the effects of the ever-expanding transatlantic trade system of the early 19th century. While earlier techniques like hand painting produced ceramics with an excellent level of craftmanship and artistry, the process was laborious and costly, restricting the number of objects in circulation and leaving potters in a relatively niche market. By the mid 18th century, England began using the transfer printing process, enabling higher quality, more consistent, and detailed representations on various ceramics, a technological marvel at the time. Not only that, the process was far more cheaply, opening the door for mass production of fine painted ceramics, thus consolidating the market to a fewer number of large manufacturers, meaning that finished products from England could reach the colonies more easily in larger quantities. While many of the artifacts collected at Harvard Yard had been manufactured more locally, pearlware from this time came all the way from England by the Staffordshire Potteries, a vanguard of the industrial revolution. Finished products arrived in the colonies as part of the larger triangular trade system, so with this pearlware we are looking at material evidence of the inhabitants of colonial Harvard directly enjoying the benefits of a new global trade system. They could now dine with beautifully painted pearlware, but for a fraction of the price. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Transfer-printed Creamware and Pearlware for the American Market” Nelson describes the expansion of transfer printed creamware pearlware into the American market. She explains that original American scenes started to be depicted in English-produced ceramics, indicating the rising demand for these objects in the colonies as part of a large trade system. “Kilns in Hanley – 1930” aThis image depicts the growth of pottery industrialization in Hanley, part of Staffordshire. It is representative of how pottery went from the hands of individual skilled potters to being mass produced in factories, as was the case with transfer printed pearlware in the early 18th century. http://www.thepotteries.org/six_towns/hanley.htm “Federal Reserve Feature 30” This pearlware plate, dated to c.1814, depicts an American scene with a continuous floral design on edge. The center illustration reflects the rising demand for American designs from the colonies, and the detail and symmetry exemplify the improvement made with transfer printing over other techniques. Also pictured is the Ridgway maker’s mark, a prominent Staffordshire pottery. http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/Post-Colonial%20Ceramics/Printed%20Earthenwares/Central%20Designs/Thumbnail%20pages/British%20and%20American%20Central%20Designs.htm https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/16e4ceba7e92d869dee76c1721084ad3.jpg 9e33dac52be9bd22ec1c6839e477a0b4 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/70406663a1a931ea8736864db0c04564.png c2165801262cb21f031c2cdb17ea0cf2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource This page on printed wares places this sherd from 1834-1848 as it cross references the dates of Mulberry and green transfer print Description An account of the resource Diagnostic artifacts in Maryland. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/Post-Colonial%20Ceramics/Printed%20Earthenwares/index-PrintedEarthenwares.htm#Clobbering https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0eab6a14c39c62266167a5c8c4201f9b.jpeg 7cd07df4281463d4a23d0787348f381d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource The motif and Mulberry color of this chamber pot sherd from Harvard Yard is the most consistent with the design of the Mulberry and green fragment. Description An account of the resource Rim of Ironstone Chamber Pot, Mulberry transfer-printed. Collections. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://collections.peabody.harvard.edu/objects/details/594879?ctx=357bb44ae680b23a36a73228d070c8a083071605&idx=538 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e9c61b23dee4f31c14ccbc44a8768ad5.jpeg 7cf4e466eaa1aebe2d91b3bc01df67d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource The color of mulberry transfer print decorated a myriad of different objects. Description An account of the resource Salad plate. Historic New England. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/7449 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0a652686393f7eb68725caf61f4765f4.jpeg 89b6265f8ca9f1cc3bf5f44c3f7b965a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource The color of mulberry transfer print decorated a myriad of different objects. Description An account of the resource Dessert plate. Historic New England. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/7449 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2023 Inventory Subject The topic of the resource 2023 Artifact/Item Inventory Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Veronica Peterson Archaeological Find Object Name Transfer Print Refined Earthenware Vessel Fragment Inventory Description purple and green transfer print decorated, refined earthenware fragment from an unidentified vessel Peabody Number 2023.11.52 Intrasite Unit H980 Level 4 Depth 34 - 50 cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Refined Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.7 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.5 cm Notes unidentifiable print motif Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transfer Print Refined Earthenware Sherd Subject The topic of the resource Although small in size, this ceramic sherd is larger in meaning. Namely, it is the feature of mulberry transfer print that makes this sherd both intriguing and identifiable. The design motif on the sherd is difficult to distinguish. Because the design is not immediately apparent, focusing on the colors of the transfer print becomes more important. Refined earthenware ceramics like this sherd were often decorated with transfer print. However, blue and white, or blue on white, is vastly preferred as it mimics finer porcelain. By the mid 1800s, there were a myriad of other colors, such as green and shades of purple, that came to decorate ceramic wares. Cross referencing the production of green and mulberry, ceramics with both of these colors can be dated to the latter half of the 1830s until the 1850s (Maryland Diagnostics). Finding potential dates for this sherd is important to relate back to the stratigraphy of the unit where this was found. Ranging from 30 to 50 centimeters deep, the location where this sherd was discovered is consistent with other 19th century artifacts. As this sherd exists in relative isolation from its completed vessel, cross analyzing motif and color becomes incredibly important. Based on color, the potential objects that this sherd could be vary. Even the most unsightly of objects had elements of ornamentation. Chamber pots are decorated with mulberry, making the act of the chamber pot a little more civil. Ornamenting these objects creates class associations and suggestions about who gets to use them. Mulberry also appeared on objects that are associated with dinner rather than the process afterwards. Dessert plates, salad plates, serving ware, mulberry color transfer print adorns a myriad of different objects. Consistently with mulberry designs, there is the presence of a vignette around a central image. Perhaps this sherd assisted in that element of design. Although the exact object from which this sherd comes from is not certain, the sherd gives great insight into how social class is stratified through material objects. Whether this mulberry piece decorated a plate or a privy, it tells us great details about Harvard life in the mid 1800s. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf Dessert Plate N.d.Historic New England. https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/7449, accessed April 11, 2024. Mulberry Ware, Ceramics N.d.Mulberry Ware, Ceramics - Guide to Value, Marks, History | WorthPoint Dictionary. https://www.worthpoint.com/dictionary/p/ceramics/uk-patterns/mulberry-ware-ceramics. Rim of Ironstone Chamber Pot, Purple Transfer-Printed N.d.Collections. https://collections.peabody.harvard.edu/objects/details/594879?ctx=357bb44ae680b23a36a73228d070c8a083071605&idx=538. Salad Plate N.d.Historic New England. https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/15903. Transfer Print Ceramics Maryland N.d.Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland. https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/Post-Colonial%20Ceramics/Printed%20Earthenwares/index-PrintedEarthenwares.htm#Clobbering. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5109f0cf3c18362b56ada406478f4cbd.jpg 7931221cdcb8dc14df75f665919ca372 Archaeological Find Object Name Transfer Printed Pearlware Inventory Description Two sherds of transfer printed pearlware. Both sherds are white and cobalt blue. Peabody Number 2021.6.403 Intrasite H974 L2 Depth 38 to 42cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Pearlware Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transfer Printed Pearlware Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Transfer printed pearlware sherd Inventory Description Transfer printed pearlware sherd Peabody Number 2025.8.424 Intrasite H979 Wall fall Depth 60 - 84 cm bd Class 1 Earthenware Class 2 Pearlware Class 3 Sherd Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object .6 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transfer printed pearlware sherd Subject The topic of the resource Transfer printed pearlware sherd https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d37f1284ae70a8e48967859fa7faa629.jpg a922f364e8ae25b46b90aaa7409f11ff Archaeological Find Object Name Transfer-printed earthenware Peabody Number 2021.6.289 Intrasite H968 Level 4 Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Quantity 5 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.1 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.4 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transfer-printed earthenware Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Transfer-printed pearlware rim sherd Inventory Description Transfer-printed underglaze pearlware rim sherd with continuous repeating design in blue Peabody Number 2025.8.120 Intrasite H987 level 1 Depth 18-30 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Pearlware Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.42 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .35 Quantity 1 Century 19th Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transfer-printed pearlware rim sherd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Transfer-printed pearlware sherd Inventory Description Transfer-printed pearlware sherd Peabody Number 2025.8.329 Intrasite H987 Level 4 Depth 52-59 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Pearlware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object .52 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .43 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .13 Century 19th Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transfer-printed pearlware sherd https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/722d4c86c507ff916592965215fb0118.jpg 13a1112e40d6af1fc8cae7b2c05865a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of a Clear Glass Tumbler Description An account of the resource This is bottom of a clear tumbler glass that was found in level 2 of unit H944. A tumbler is a short glass cup that is mainly used to hold alcohol. This tumbler has ridges on the sides and is relatively thick at all points. These kinds of glasses were primarily used in more formal settings as well. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo Courtesy: Ronni Cuccia Description source: (https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-glassware-their-uses/) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/60a060afde559e0bce3f84e912b3f560.png 2c1a59a8ae9b24d21664bbaa27e127d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harvard University : a brief statement of what Harvard University is, how it may be entered and how its degrees may be obtained Description An account of the resource This is page 96 of a book written by the secretary of Harvard College in 1893 in a book he wrote titled Harvard University: a brief statement of what Harvard University is, how it may be entered and how its degrees may be obtained. On this page about the religious exercises of the university, he mentioned how the college abolished mandatory Morning Prayer in 1886 and made all religious activity voluntary. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/servlet/MOML?dd=0&locID=camb55135&d1=19003220300&srchtp=a&c=1&an=19003220300&df=f&d2=96&docNum=F3702664400&CH=p_F3702664400&h2=1&af=RN&d6=96&d3=96&ste=10&d4=0.33&stp=Author&d5=d6&ae=F102664305 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/98caea821c7d0f2667f296fc3e1f7b9c.pdf b5f9cdb2e24f4b4c2bf4726935eb6f2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This is photo of a dining hall at Harvard with tumblers placed on the tables. Even though not all of these glasses might have been used for alcohol in this situation, surely there were some occasions where they were used to serve alcohol. The presence of the tumblers indicates that the rules about alcohol were more lenient than they were when the school was first founded. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://via.lib.harvard.edu:80/via/deliver/deepLinkItem?recordId=olvwork625488&componentId=HUL.ARCH:8056795 Title A name given to the resource Harvard Union Dining Hall https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ce90c7c5a2bd19a998e823b02a1bfe30.pdf 7d5a10b5ae30a3759c940718c7ec3e4d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://via.lib.harvard.edu:80/via/deliver/deepLinkItem?recordId=olvwork406678&componentId=HUL.ARCH:2019341 Title A name given to the resource Battle in Commons Hall Description An account of the resource This is a picture of people in early 1800s throwing food. All the glasses in the picture are for tea with no tumblers in sight. This indicates that Harvard’s policy on alcohol was stricter in the time when it was mandatory to practice Puritan beliefs. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Tumbler Inventory Description Glass Fragment Tumbler Peabody Number 2016.29.308 Culture/Period 19th Century Intrasite H944 Level 2 Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 11 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2 Depth 65-75 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Fragment Class 3 Tumbler Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tumbler Subject The topic of the resource From the beginning of Harvard College in 1636 until the late 19th century, the institution placed an emphasis on the Puritan religion that it was founded on. For instance, the Harvard motto “Veritas” used to be “Veritas pro Christo et Ecclesia” meaning Truth for Christ and Church. Harvard used to ban activities like smoking tobacco and consuming alcohol because of its Puritan roots. In 1869, a new President of the University, Charles W. Eliot, strayed away from the theology and to a more open environment. This meant less of a focus on religion and more of a focus on a secular education. The discovery of a 19th century glass tumbler at Harvard implies that there were people on campus who did consume alcohol. Tumblers, though, were commonly used for special occasions, which indicates that the consumption of alcohol on campus was not a recreation done by students in the shelter of their dorms, but more like a refreshment enjoyed by staff, professors, and of age students possibly over dinner. Basically, this implies that Harvard had a more accepting attitude about drinking alcohol at the end of the 19th century. In addition to more lenient rules on alcohol, in 1886, Harvard abolished the required Morning Prayer and made the practice of religion optional. This is a clear indication that the administration became less religious in the 19th century. There are also pictures of dining halls in the early 20th century at Harvard with tumblers lining the tables and a drawing of a dining hall in the early 19th century with no tumblers in sight. These both confirm the notion that Harvard progressively became more secular near the end of the 19th century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/files/FINAL.Dig_.Ver_.rack_.updt%20for%20web.pdf https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-glassware-their-uses/ http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/3/8/harvards-secularization-harvard-has-never-been/ 19 glass Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Turned Lead Inventory Description Turned Lead Peabody Number 2025.8.527 Intrasite H981 Level 5 Depth 62 - 83 cm bd Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Turned Lead Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.5 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object .7 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .4 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turned Lead Subject The topic of the resource Turned Lead https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/53a9aac1d9b0fc131c20c1e32b7925bd.jpg 107ca3a018e8c3d21029ee3ee53f4bd8 Archaeological Find Object Name Turned lead (window) Inventory Description Turned lead for windows Peabody Number 2021.6.153 Intrasite H970 L3 Depth 17-27cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Turned lead Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .7 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turned lead (window) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/046f33bc1e497cac1b51dce9e80b56d1.jpg e8dfa8c7d6f0a0d6a8094a45c35f6aa2 Archaeological Find Object Name turned lead (window) Peabody Number 2021.6.377 Intrasite H970 L2 Depth 3-13cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Turned Lead Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource turned lead (window) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4c8e7f7376a3c5818ff62fdf62d6cce4.jpg 03885f4a73dffad292a9f6b5c31ce3a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The malleability of lead made it a popular choice for building components. Due to its low melting point, lead is rarely found fully in tact and is typically bent or twisted. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/66d3bf32675972a429b94d24bfc0623b.png 6c603c3158c9790562296b06033dd1a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The window maker's initials were often found on the lead casing. This was not visible in a completed window but instead served to identify failed window makers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Lead.pdf https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1634d2323caf375ce4cd632f83cf91f6.jpg 131e8c3031107b4185cc0e28de45ce50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Small, diamond-paned windows with one casement opening were very common in the 17th century. Lead bars commonly held these windows together. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.pinterest.com/kpucxe/17th-century-architectural-elements/ https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1d4014392ce1abcee598543e2672204d.jpg 394cb46bb25af8a6b8cb9c09a32253b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Indian College exhibiting the symmetrical window and door placement in the Colonial style of architecture in New England. This College served to house American Indian students. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/75d3cc7da38c115cefdba81a2d06ea6d.gif 99668c8fc9c753bd716249b315a8e97b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Windows were symmetrically aligned with doors and additional windows along the entire building. The symmetry exhibited in the 17th century buildings can still be found in more modern buildings at Harvard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://cambridgehistory.org/discover/Cambridge-Revolution/Harvard.html https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9d83f4292f44b70fd7dacf4267768a58.jpg 7ce708554ca8197799c07d8cc8f3241a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This map shows the relative location of the Old and Indian College in the 17th century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Turned Lead Window Casing Inventory Description The turned lead window casing is soft and malleable, used for connecting pieces of glass in windows in the 17th century. Peabody Number 2016.29.465 Intrasite H929 Level 5 Depth 80-95cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Turned Lead Quantity 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turned Lead Window Casing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Lead.pdf https://newengland.com/today/living/homes/new-england-architecture/ https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/477 http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/a-new-view-of-harvard-in-the-17th-and-18th-centuries/ Davis, Andrew McFarland. The Early College Buildings at Cambridge. 19th-century Legal Treatises ; No. 37138. Worcester [Mass.]: C. Hamilton, 1890. http://www.news.harvard.edu/guide/intro http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/leadstainedglass/lead_stained_glass.htm http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1978/4/78.04.03.x.html https://www.wychavon.gov.uk/documents/10586/157693/wdc-planning-her-windowsleaflet1.pdf http://www.antiquehomesmagazine.com/info.php?info_id=6 Subject The topic of the resource Turned lead is often found on colonial sites and was used to hold glass and window frames together in the 17th century. The size of glass panes was restricted so architects would use rods of lead to create larger windows. Modeling the English, Harvard’s buildings typically followed a Colonial style during this time where windows had no trim or shutters. In the early 17th century, glass was expensive and difficult to obtain in New England, making glass windows an item of luxury. Since glass was imported from England, New England buildings with windows often only had small, diamond paned windows with one casement opening. Glassless windows were usually filled with oilpaper. Although generally precious at the time, Harvard invested in glass for its windows in the buildings as an attempt to pour resources into the College. During the construction of Harvard, the College bills showed a fair amount of repairs being done on the buildings with a capped budget, however the amount spent on glass did not have a limit. The amount of resources allocated towards Harvard, such as its glass, represented its importance within New England and the Colony more broadly. In 1643, the College announced its mission of the college: "To advance Learning and perpetuate it to Posterity; dreading to leave an illiterate Ministry to the Churches." Harvard’s political and religious impact on Massachusetts Bay promoted intellectual advancement in the Colony as being the first higher education institution to exist. 17 metal Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Turned melted lead Inventory Description Metal, hardware, turned lead, melted Peabody Number 2025.8.589 Intrasite H982 - level 6 Depth 71 - 93 cmbd Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Turned lead Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.14 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.14 Notes melted Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turned melted lead https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ff4951fdb9618a296bd32b623b2bd158.JPG a759443c435cbdd5b8b9adcb6c6c9899 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turquoise Glass Bead. This Class II 2A31 bead was likely made between the mid 17th and 18th centuries in Venice or Amsterdam. It is 0.6 cm in diameter and 0.5cm long. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This photo was taken by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/586707bde5ec9aea4b76997ccf0fbd34.jpg 77667e54296a9ae45f2547853103b4ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kidd Typology. This diagram shows the Kenneth and Martha Kidd Typology used to classify glass beads. The bead found in the Yard appears to be Class II 2A31. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Parks Canada. 2006. “Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History NO. 1.” Parks Canada website, October 24. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/chs/1/chs1-2h.htm. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9263cc128bfd5469808aa484fbf570ec.jpg dd88d24fc8e4f0f8e2d5207350d65fb6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708. This cropped image of the Harvard College Laws of 1655 highlights Rule 7 regarding students’ attire. The rule expressly forbids “Lavish Dresse.” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708.” 1655. Harvard University Archives. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16695055. Image modified by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b0e942dae262a81ea81acf5ac5cb8e69.jpg f0e925de9175ac00de680f58d1c66d58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of John Eliot. This mid 17th century portrait of missionary John Eliot showcases the somber attire favored by Puritans. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “John Eliot.” n.d. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens website. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://emuseum.huntington.org/objects/349/john-eliot?ctx=dd0fdc38-e7e5-49ea-bb4f-967115a2ed5d&idx=0. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7b6c2f21bd46c82f8451da9726a7c409.jpg 2e693b7330996fc5feffddd2b7511e2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Mary Cuthbert. This mid 18th century portrait of Mary Cuthbert shows the changes in style in the 18th century. Note that the sitter appears to be wearing a beaded necklace. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theus, Jeremiah. 1765. “Mary Cuthbert.” National Gallery of Art website. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/art-object-page.50306.html. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Turquoise Glass Bead Inventory Description Class II 2A31; small drawn tubular turquoise glass bead Culture/Period Mid 17th - 18th century Intrasite H931 Feature Level 1 Depth 66-76cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bead Class 3 Tubular bead Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.5 Peabody Number 2016.29.1635 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turquoise Glass Bead Subject The topic of the resource This turquoise glass bead, a Class II 2A31, traveled all the way from Venice or Amsterdam sometime between the mid-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Parks Canada 2006; Hume 1969, 53). After traveling thousands of miles, the bead was likely part of a piece of jewelry worn by a colonist until it fell off in the Yard. Many historians and archaeologists focus on the role of glass beads as objects for trade with local Native American populations (Hume 1969, 53). However, the presence of this bead in the Yard suggests that it was more likely used by a colonist. The transition from the 17th to 18th centuries was an interesting time for personal adornment in the colonies. During the 17th century, sumptuary laws both in Massachusetts Bay Colony and at Harvard College restricted colonists to relatively plain and somber attire (Loren 2016, 144). The Harvard College Laws of 1655 expressly stated, “Nor shall any wear Gold, or Silver or such ornaments” (“The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708” 1655, 3). While this glass bead is not made of gold or silver, it was likely part of a piece of jewelry that would have been too flashy by strict Puritan standards. However, during the 18th century, as religious views became more liberal, sumptuary laws fell out of favor, and people began to adopt more lavish styles of dress. This bright turquoise bead is likely representative of this transition when colonists began to embrace frivolity. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Loren, Diana Di Paolo. 2016. “Bodily Protection: Dress, Health, and Anxiety in Colonial New England.” In The Archaeology of Anxiety: The Materiality of Anxiousness, Worry, and Fear, edited by Jeffrey Fleisher and Neil Norman, 141-156. Springer: New York. Parks Canada. 2006. “Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History NO. 1.” Parks Canada website, October 24. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/chs/1/chs1-2h.htm. “The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708.” 1655. Harvard University Archives. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16695055. 17 18 glass Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Underglaze painted pearlware, polychrome painted Inventory Description Underglaze painted pearlware, polychrome painted with brown and green details. Likely a floral pattern Peabody Number 2025.8.255 Intrasite H987 Level 2 Depth 24-38 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Pearlware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.19 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .98 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underglaze painted pearlware, polychrome painted Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Underglaze painted pearlware, polychrome painted floral patterns Inventory Description Underglaze painted pearlware, polychrome painted floral patterns. 2 pieces cross-mend. Decoration includes brown, orange, and green portion of a floral motif Peabody Number 2025.8.226 Culture/Period c. 1795-1815 Intrasite H987 Level 1 Depth 18-30 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Pearlware Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.69 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.57 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .25 Century 19th Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underglaze painted pearlware, polychrome painted floral patterns https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/81e5cfe474b9e3438179d05e169a94b5.jpg aa3f7a5262a66dd04f0b7ae291274480 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament - Back View https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a3ad5e63ee4442bdcf43fd3028df08e9.jpg 44eab8ce7928c325c72781b1da300cd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament - Base View https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3db4581fc3f0ab5e1861bee4f056c8a2.jpg ec6bd5f27d3619035cde7336299dd92f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament - Top View https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d3ea1c9ef5160d6bf27c91514967aa16.jpg 7b249dad4a9f08523f0b82fc3ad86b97 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Matthews Hall Stone Embellishment Subject The topic of the resource A visual example of decorative stone being used in Matthews Hall, the building nearest the archaeological site where the stone ornament was found; a similar use to one this ornament may have had. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Blondin, Émilie. Matthews Hall Stone Embellishment. February 24, 2022. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/2fcbb2f9c09c9752abcf68ebd93e8034.jpg c62d6ab51579bd4c01860952ad6b83bf Archaeological Find Object Name Unfinished Stone Ornament Intrasite H972, Level 4 Depth 24.5 cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Stone Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object Height: 10.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object Length: 20 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object Depth: 5.1 cm Peabody Number 2021.6.45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nlaE3-XfmJwC&lpg=PA67&dq=harvard%20matthews%20hall&client=firefox-a&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bunting, Bainbridge, and Margaret Henderson. Floyd. 1985. Harvard : an Architectural History. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.</a> A written example of decorative stone being used in Matthews Hall, the building nearest the archaeological site where the stone ornament was found; a similar use to one this ornament may have had. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pvi47as3hvEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Gage, Mary, and J. E Gage. 2002. The Art of Splitting Stone. 1st ed. Amesbury, MA: Powwow River Books.</a> A book detailing the variety of methods of breaking stone in post-colonial contact New England; one method of which could have been used to initially break this stone at a quarry. <a href="https://muse-jhu-edu.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/book/19205">Gilson, Thomas, and Gilson, William. 2012. Carved in Stone : the Artistry of Early New England Gravestones. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.</a> A description of stone chiseling in the Old Burying Ground, a site across the road from where this stone was found, similar to the marks on the stone. Subject The topic of the resource Carved on one side in the shape of a spade, the majority of the stone’s other half is unaltered. Based on the curve of the stone, it is clear that there was never enough material to replicate the spade design on the right half. The left side was worked with care, with minute, rough bumps along the carved curve. The back and base of the feature have straight and diagonal lines chiseled into it, for the purpose of using mortar to attach the ornament to a building. The brown stain is the result of a rusty nail that was found on top of the ornament. Given that this stone was found in a level filled with architectural and construction debris, including bricks and nails, ranging from the 18th to 19th century, its resting place gives an approximate date and may reveal parts of its life. While Harvard was in the process of constructing many of the dormitories of Harvard Yard, there was likely leftover or inutile stone around the site. A construction worker may have picked up a discarded stone, and set to work on carving it. Given its shape, the ornament could never have been completed, but its being made anyways may have been to alleviate boredom or to practice the technique of making such an ornament for another project. When the worker abandoned the stone, it was discarded in the construction debris area, where it was uncovered in 2021. Stone decorations like this were used to adorn buildings, similar to the foliate stone carvings of Harvard Yard’s Matthews Hall, pictured above. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e714f490fbf71782d6b62a05fc5f2b41.jpg 47ecbc27cbaaea27ceabab1572e41667 Archaeological Find Object Name Unfired Clay Inventory Description Unfired Clay pieces Peabody Number 2021.6.102 Culture/Period 17 Intrasite H970 Level 8 Depth 64+cm Class 1 Raw material Class 2 Mineral Class 3 Clay Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .6 Century 17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfired Clay https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ef2278a6f3cf950f94298b2d1f5d3650.JPG fc42b1b5d64f4b920ae8177f90d54565 Archaeological Find Object Name unglazed earthenware sherd Inventory Description red bodied Peabody Number 2021.6.774 Intrasite H970 L5 Depth 37-47cm Class 1 ceramic Class 2 earthenware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .8 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource unglazed earthenware sherd