43
20
1152
-
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1a69351d77f6dcc900997abdf75358f8
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Porcelain teapot handle
Inventory Description
Porcelain teapot handle with module
Peabody Number
2021.6.189
Intrasite
H968 Level 4
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Porcelain
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.3 cm
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
0.6 cm
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
0.5 cm
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Title
A name given to the resource
Porcelain teapot handle
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1e21718775b3d50cf4c3696783f1a2f7.jpg
34f31f22c5c25319ec37b96b0f3efa09
Archaeological Find
Object Name
porcelain vessel sherd
Inventory Description
has light blue and dark blue motif on other side
Peabody Number
2021.6.388
Intrasite
H970 L2
Depth
3-13cm
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
porcelain
Class 3
sherd
Quantity
2
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.5
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.9
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.6
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Title
A name given to the resource
porcelain vessel sherd
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/72fb4271bb2aff5d26f4c06005074ad6.jpg
09609f14cf3517c6d97a59fe1bf0ce23
Archaeological Find
Object Name
porcelain with pink design
Inventory Description
handpainted orange and pink design
Peabody Number
2021.6.550
Intrasite
H970 L4
Depth
27-37cm
Class 1
ceramic
Class 2
porcelain
Class 3
sherd
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.4
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.1
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.3
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
porcelain with pink design
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e2b337c26fd7458b1b0266987ab822eb.jpg
5077c46dfe2b75c908c92f1aefd8ccd8
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/df6303976d4a1a900d421bcd94515052.jpg
9d5be6dfe3186f15a40dd5f392b0d272
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/21e473bee18630e68b6426658625791a.jpg
52a56371bebd13203e217019eaefcb50
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f2df3c24d9f94985a78fb52efa7b224e.jpeg
c7d40fa0033ce096d760cf55324248ee
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Rhenish Blue on Grey Stoneware Sherds
Inventory Description
Rhenish Blue on Grey Stoneware Sherds
Peabody Number
2018.24.590
Culture/Period
17th Century
Intrasite
H963 Level 4
Depth
80 - 100 cm
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Stoneware
Class 3
Sherd
Quantity
6
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
4.14
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
4.09
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
0.57
Notes
These six Rhenish stoneware sherds cross-mend. They may have been part of a jug.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Present in Both Vermeer's Dutch Republic and Chauncy's Harvard: The Intercontinental Trade of Rhenish Stonewares
Subject
The topic of the resource
This grouping of six blue on grey stoneware sherds illustrates both the extent of the European ceramic trade and the foodways of colonists in the seventeenth century. Since the sherds cross-mend and two of them have ribbed edges, this collection may have once been part of a jug or tankard. This jug would have been a gorgeous example of Rhenish stoneware from the Westerwald region of Germany. Westerwald was one of the centers of European stoneware production throughout the seventeenth century and ceramics produced there were exported throughout the rest of Europe and the English colonies. Due to the fragile nature of ceramics, it is unlikely that the early colonists brought over many with them. American production of stonewares did not really take off until the early eighteenth century, so the first few generations of colonists depended on Atlantic trade with England and the rest of Europe for their ceramic needs. It is also interesting to note the forms of ceramics present in archaeological excavations. In seventeenth century sites, such as the Old College Building, there were very few, if any, plates. Meals were taken on wooden trenchers, which were shared by two to three “trencher mates.” Ceramics were typically used either to consume or store liquids. Storage forms were eventually standardized and often had numbers incised into them to demarcate the quantity of liquid they could hold. This jug may have once held a wide variety of liquids, ranging from the beer that accompanied the students’ morning bever (light breakfast) to the wine that students drank surreptitiously in their quarters after hours.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sources:
Deetz, James. 1996. In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life. New York, NY: Anchor Books.
“Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland.” Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum website. http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/
"Historic Archaeology Type Collection." Florida Museum website. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/typeceramics/type/stoneware-rhenish-blue-and-gray/
Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Images:
“Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland.” Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum website. http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/colonialceramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Rhenish.html - This is a good example of a blue on grey stoneware jug. The six sherds we found in Level 4 may have once been part of a similar jug.
Essential Vermeer 2.0. "The Procuress." http://www.essentialvermeer.com/catalogue/procuress.html#.XKbGgxNKgWo - This painting is interesting because it illustrates the presence of Rhenish stoneware across Continental Europe during the 17th Century. As shown by our excavations, Rhenish stoneware also made it across the Atlantic. Examples have even been found in the Spanish colonies in Florida and Central America. It is clear there was a thriving trade.
World Menagerie. "Bakken Trencher Dough Bowl." https://www.wayfair.com/decor-pillows/pdx/world-menagerie-bakken-trencher-dough-bowl-w001200567.html/ - This modern-day trencher resembles the trenchers that Harvard students would have eaten off of in the 17th Century. Due to their construction, few, if any, trenchers have survived since the 17th century. The absence of plates in the archaeological record, however, makes it clear that trenchers were used for food consumption, instead of plates.
-
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Title
A name given to the resource
2025 Collection
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Print type, blank
Inventory Description
Print type, blank
Peabody Number
2025.8.542
Intrasite
H982 Level 6
Depth
71-93 cmbd
Class 1
Metal
Class 2
Miscellaneous
Class 3
Type
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.85
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
.57
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.28
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Title
A name given to the resource
Print type, blank
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a590c4683b911a34cd3b2479cb808947.jpg
76dd19073d0394e959ee4df4c085fee9
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/997468fcad6a5fefecca444d177f78fa.png
9d5815d75376545bae75dc61d2c7a075
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Title
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This view is just three years after the print shop moved to University Hall (right). Here is the elm-sheltered path the type travelled across—including the location of H939!
Source: Harvard University Archives HUV 20 7-8a. Permalink: http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork423535/catalog
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/df42c1060a0ed4754325cb302f74eaa4.jpg
a3c1de4ab7110a13fea5467c4ea844fb
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Title
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This wood-engraving is what the early Harvard printing presses might have looked like, busy printing written exams, pamphlets, and other educational materials.
Source: Amory, Hugh. 1989. First impressions : printing in Cambridge, 1639-1989 : an exhibition at the Houghton Library and at the Harvard Law School Library, October 6 through October 27, 1989. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Harvard University Archives Call Number: HUF523.589.1
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Title
A name given to the resource
2017 Assignment 3
Archaeological Find
Object Name
19th Century Metal Print Type
Inventory Description
No letter visible on end, one notch in side, moderately oxidized.
Peabody Number
2016.29.126
Culture/Period
19th Century
Intrasite
H939 Level 2
Depth
53-71cm
Class 1
Metal
Class 2
Miscellaneous
Class 3
Type
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.5
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
.4
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.2
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Title
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Printing at 19th Century Harvard: A Vignette
Subject
The topic of the resource
16 October 1889
George stumbled, and caught himself—and his freight. President Eliot had consolidated printing in the basement of the University Hall (Hall 10). A new print shop needed a press, and a press needed type. The type had to be moved from its previous location. So—here was George, stumbling between the elms on his way from Wadsworth to University Hall, two hundred yards northeast (Hall 9).
Box after box of type had to be transported carefully—the small lead type could escape the loose joinery of the wooden box. The job fell to George—and three co-conspirators—thanks to some inadmissible revelry at the Dartmouth game the weekend prior (1889). Normally, President Eliot would have let the delinquency slide—he encouraged the boys’ “llllllliberty,” rolling the “l” in Brahmin accent—but they timed their stunt to be of perfect help to the University (Kuehnemann).
George minded, however, his afternoon being stripped from him. He was going to smoke with his roommate, and now that looked unlikely. His written Greek examination was tomorrow, too—though only a passing thought. He’d already seen it, anyway, thanks to the service of the college printer (Schoenberg). He was prepared.
It was this thought, though, that caused the trip, stagger, and balancing of the type. Catching himself, he turned to check for fallen pieces. But then, they were holding the door ahead, and George really just wanted to regain his rightful “lllllllliberty.” He turned back and strode towards the grey façade of University Hall.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Bibliography
Hall, Max.
1986 Harvard University Press: A History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
“1889 Harvard Football Schedule” Webpage, http://www.gocrimson.com/sports/fball/1889-90/Schedule, accessed May 3rd, 2017.
Schoenberg, Robert.
1954 University Press Maintains 40-Year Standards Despite Confusion With Poster, Exam Printers. The Harvard Crimson, February 3rd, 1954. Accessed online: May 3rd, 2017, http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1954/2/3/university-press-maintains-40-year-standards-despite/.
Kuehnemann, Eugen.
2013 Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University (May 19, 1869-May 19, 1909). Read Books Ltd.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colin Criss
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/840f7bd47891426e3ca17a7134370d36.jpg
e5a076d74a736e265248d29fcc0ed1d0
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This hook was probably used as a window hook. Students were able to open their windows and witness historical commencement traditions and University history in the making.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c60f7241bdf6b35c78a4317bf05e931a.png
50e4cf0c123d8dbb865aa9af6e7ff3db
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This Commencement program highlights the first African-American Oration speaker in Harvard’s history.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1890/6/20/todays-programme-class-day-exercises-prayer/
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b4ae46677ea79a48b43c5f438c7bd20e.jpg
723e2a79091ffe4db402c9115ebeac72
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W. E. B. Du Bois was the first African-American to receive a doctoral degree from Harvard.
Source
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois
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Title
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2017 Assignment 3
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Probable Window Hook
Inventory Description
This is most likely a window hook or shutter hook. It is possible that it is hardware from a door or other fixture. It appears to be made of brass and based on the materials found with it and its presence in Level 2, it is likely from the 19th century.
Peabody Number
2016.29.926
Intrasite
H935 Level 2
Depth
53-63cm
Class 1
Metal
Class 2
Hardware
Class 3
Hook
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
7.6
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.1
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.3
Culture/Period
19th Century
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Title
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Probable Window Hook
Subject
The topic of the resource
Kellogg Fairbank looked at the large panes of his Federal-style window in Holworthy. The building opened in 1812 and had housed many about-to-be-graduates such as himself. He unlatched the window by sliding out the hook and pushed it up to look out at the Yard. He saw the steeple of Memorial Church where he would soon gather with his classmates to begin their Class of 1890 Class Day Exercises. He also saw two of his classmates walking north across the Yard. His friends, Clement Morgan and W.E.B. Du Bois, were not permitted to live on campus due to the color of their skin. Fairbank hated the system, but for the first time in Harvard’s History, an African-American man would be giving an oration. Fairbank was set to give one and Morgan would give the other. Du Bois was also set to make history with his acceptance into a doctoral degree program. Fairbank waved to them, pushed the window down, slid the hook in, and went out to join his friends.
This window into the past shows several firsts for African-Americans at Harvard, but compared to other schools at the time, Harvard was not even close to being a leader in integration. Dartmouth graduated its first African-American student in 1828, long before Harvard’s first African-American college student graduated in 1870. African-Americans faced much adversity in higher education, though the explosion of Black colleges and universities in the second half of the 19th century helped to secure education for more African-Americans. Today, while Harvard is viewed by many as a diverse community, there are still movements by students surrounding issues of race such as the “I, Too, Am Harvard” campaign.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Almore, Alexandra L. ""In Harvard, But Not Of It"." The Harvard Crimson. N.p., 21 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.
"Holworthy Hall." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 08 Feb. 2017. Web. 02 May 2017.
I, Too, Am Harvard. N.p., 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. <http://itooamharvard.tumblr.com/>.
"Key Events in Black Higher Education." The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. N.p., 01 May 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.
"Nineteenth Century Windows." Historic Preservation Education Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2017.
Snibbe, Kris. "A Window into African-American History." Harvard Gazette. N.p., 4 Feb. 2011. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.
"Today's Programme." The Harvard Crimson [Cambridge] 20 June 1980: n. pag. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.
19
metal
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6f68288165806504651560262c5f1496.jpg
e0aaadc0c3e057d298992b03de997b5f
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Rectangular nail
Inventory Description
rusted cut nail with rectangular shaft
Peabody Number
2021.6.145
Intrasite
H970 L3
Depth
17-27cm
Class 1
Metal
Class 2
Hardware
Class 3
Nail
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
3
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
.9
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.7
Century
19
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Title
A name given to the resource
Rectangular nail
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f9f009fa3486684171e7851ee7267266.jpg
423aa0823e5a282d5fc337a973ea2ddf
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Rectangular nail
Inventory Description
nail with flat head, minimal rusting
Peabody Number
2021.6.381
Intrasite
H970 L2
Depth
3-13cm
Class 1
Metal
Class 2
Hardware
Class 3
Nail
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
3.8
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
.9
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.3
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Title
A name given to the resource
Rectangular nail
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/fca125c8b714800bd63d0d4a36751fea.jpg
8df70dac34415d80e37810a1e8c79c1b
Archaeological Find
Object Name
red bodied earthenware
Inventory Description
2 with clear glaze, 2 with dark lead glaze
Peabody Number
2021.6.552
Intrasite
H970 L4
Depth
27-37cm
Class 1
ceramic
Class 2
earthenware
Quantity
4
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.1
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.5
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.3
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Title
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red bodied earthenware
-
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Red brick fragment
Inventory Description
Red brick fragment
Peabody Number
2016.29.1718
Intrasite
Unprovenienced Wall Fall
Depth
N/A
Class 1
Architectural
Class 2
Ceramic
Class 3
Brick
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
14.7
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
10.2
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
6.7
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Title
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Red brick fragment
brick
clay
-
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Title
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2025 Collection
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Red brick fragments
Inventory Description
Red brick fragments
Peabody Number
2025.8.477
Intrasite
H982 Level 7
Depth
93-106 cmbd
Class 1
Architectural
Class 2
Ceramic
Class 3
Brick
Quantity
5
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
4.07
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
3.89
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.42
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Red brick fragments
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/438426e96318e0125d792f7eab9ac7a5.jpg
e0e6b1cf91dbaf4296c35e1651f8ee7c
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Seventeenth-century red clay brick that was likely used in the original construction of the chimneys or cellar floor of the Old College (begun 1638, completed 1643).
Source
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(Davis, 1890).
Photograph taken by Rachel Harner.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0b9f766295f021b3ff95fe0adabf740.png
34d87e0b236fd6f3a95ca029c3604425
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Source
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Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=1
(modified by Rachel Harner)
Title
A name given to the resource
This 1933 conjectural drawing by Samuel Morison of the exterior of the Old College shows the building sided with wood and hypothesizes locations for several possible brick chimneys.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/aac7b6f0e5ba234d61dd181f441f8383.png
07f4c055f7bc0df5cf66f13d1a3c8ce7
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Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=7
(modified by Rachel Harner)
Title
A name given to the resource
Morison’s drawing of the first floor of the Old College. Possible chimney flues are outlined, and the cellar would have been located under the west bay of the building.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dee2e331dac051673b2911a69f0425ee.png
0bedb74616bcef32520c512034c75a01
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Map of Cambridge brickyards active in the 19th-century, demonstrating how large an industry brickmaking grew to become in Cambridge 200 years after the first bricks were made on Colonial soil.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Map by Charles W. Eliot, 2nd. Cambridge Historical Society. 1971. http://www.cambridgehistory.org/content/romance-brick
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0c02657fce471da53a9cad3ed7017f4.jpg
754f7041dde322a1de5c2831cb1b880e
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This is Massachusetts Hall today. Still used as a dormitory, the building is the second-oldest academic building still in use in America, its bricks having withstood 300 years of wear.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Harvard College Freshman Dean's Office. 2017. http://fdo.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ivy-yard
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Title
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2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Peabody Number
2016.29.332
Culture/Period
17th century
Intrasite
H942, Level 5
Depth
80-90cm
Class 1
Architectural
Class 2
Ceramic
Class 3
Brick
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
11.0cm
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
22.5cm
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
6.0cm
Object Name
Red Clay Brick with Handprint
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Red Clay Brick with Handprint
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Davis, Andrew McFarland. “The early college buildings at Cambridge. From Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, April 30, 1890." Worcester, MA: C. Hamilton, 1890.
Harvard University. Harvard College Records. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1925.
Leighton, Henry and Heinrich Ries. History of the Clay-Working Industry in the United States. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1909.
Long, Burton G. "The Romance of Brick. Read at a meeting of the Cambridge Historical Society, March 28, 1971." Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Historical Society, 1978.
Stubbs, John Delano Jr., Ph.D. “Underground Harvard: The archaeology of college life.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 1992.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Though the Harvard of today is recognized the world over for its iconic red brick architecture, the first purpose-built structure, the Old College, was undoubtedly constructed of wood, with 4,000 boards purchased in 1642 to side the building as it neared completion (Davis 1890). This means that the bricks uncovered in our excavation served very specific purposes, likely either as part of a chimney or the cellar, which excavations in the mid-1980s discovered had a brick floor (Stubbs 1992). The decision to construct such a monumental building from wood was likely influenced by Massachusetts’ prolific timber trade, since bricks at this time were still largely imported from England as ballast in the bottom of ships (Long 1971). However, early Harvard College records include a £2.15 charge for brickmakers, suggesting the bricks used in the construction of the Old College were some of the first made in what was quickly becoming a major new industry (Stubs 1992). In fact, the first house in Massachusetts made entirely of brick was erected in Boston in 1638, two years after the first land grant for brickmaking was issued (Reis, Leighton 1909). The premature deterioration of the Old College, which by 1679 is only referred to in the past tense, coupled with rapidly expanding local brick production, surely played a deciding role in the choice to construct the neighboring Indian College (1655) and still-standing Massachusetts Hall (1720) with brick, cementing (literally and figuratively) the association of Harvard to red clay bricks just like this one (Davis 1890; Reis, Leighton 1909).
17
brick
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5f0e204bc8fe4a0919591cbbe9ffcb63.jpg
9de6e6086ae948f3b9513f2fde32b2c7
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Title
A name given to the resource
Red Clay Tobacco Pipe Bowl
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Photo Credit: David Ryan
Description
An account of the resource
Red clay tobacco pipes were very uncommon in New England during the 17th century at Harvard. Most of the red clay pipes found during this time were from Pamplin, Virginia.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c10f0ca183b728d1118ba76958d1a209.jpg
c04059580e902f8081d3737f06c5c109
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Title
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Red clay tobacco pipe bowls from Pamplin, Virginia.
Subject
The topic of the resource
This photo illustrates the differences between red clay tobacco pipes that have molds on their bowl compared to the plain ones like the one we discovered in Harvard Yard.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://www.peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/images/stories/pipes/clay%20pipe%20red%20pamplin%20pipe%20factory%20pamplin%20city%20va.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/28ce1f983f2ed9ba7c1cc5e40d68fa80.pdf
9f3e1624e834d76a89fe011c13dfa3b7
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Title
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Adams House portrait of wealth and tobacco pipes
Subject
The topic of the resource
This portrait found in Adams House displays opulently dressed people; one man smoking from a pipe while many other pipes adorn the outer edge. This shows the significance of tobacco at Harvard as well as its link to social status.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Photo Credit: David Ryan
The Coolidge Room, Randolph Hall, Adams House, Harvard College.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7a470a8c6b4b4909e7d8ad54f6eef816.png
5561e7a3f7ea3e9d57fe4faf077f1cbb
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Title
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The Statutes and Lawes of Harvard College, 1655.
Subject
The topic of the resource
This photo shows some of the rules of Harvard College from 1655 including the prohibition of tobacco from campus. These rules also highlight the social hierarchy that existed in everyday life at Harvard.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://ia800204.us.archive.org/17/items/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog.pdf
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Title
A name given to the resource
2017 Assignment 2
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Red Clay Pipe Bowl
Inventory Description
Red Clay Pipe Bowl
Peabody Number
2016.29.100
Intrasite
H932 Level 1
Depth
48-67
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Pipe
Class 3
Pipe Bowl
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
4
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.5
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.5
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Title
A name given to the resource
Red Clay Pipe Bowl
Subject
The topic of the resource
This pipe was likely produced in the Pamplin area of Virginia, which indicates that not only that Harvard students broke the school’s smoking rules in the 17th century, but also that they invested in the endeavor. Although a large majority of people smoked tobacco daily in this time period (Hume, 1970), it was very uncommon for a student to own a red clay pipe during colonial New England, which implies that this student went to great lengths to display that he came from a wealthy background. Social status dictated most areas of life at Harvard during the 17th century such as which buildings students lived in, where they ate and whether they were admitted to the college in the first place (Hall, 1856). Social status could be differentiated from smoker to smoker through the material of the pipe and the engravings or lack of on the pipe bowl. Tobacco was very inexpensive during this time period so it was common for most people to indulge recreationally, medicinally and even as a food substitute.
The fact that there are no engravings or molds on this particular bowl suggests that the owner of it was not of exuberant wealth to pay for an intricate design. Of course, just as in the present day, the rules at Harvard then still prohibited the use of tobacco on campus and in dorm rooms.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf.
Hall, Benjamin H. 1856. “A Collection of College Words and Customs”. Cambridge: John Bartlett.
Capone, Patricia & Elinor Downes. 2004. “Red Clay Tobacco Pipes: Petrographic Window into Seventeenth Century Economics at Jamestown, Virginia and New England.” In S. Lafferty & R. Mann (Eds). Smoking and Culture: The Archaeology of Tobacco Pipes in Eastern North America. “ Univ. of Tennessee Press.
17
18
pipe
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ca99afb3797e957d718321028d3c6897.png
d3b507983638af344232e45f3dae3436
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Title
A name given to the resource
Red clay pipe bowl from H968.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e949d234d9004071af329973f068114e.png
63b3bcfe175b05b6c9a26e0ff6c94fe3
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Title
A name given to the resource
A red clay pipe from the Nomini plantation.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e35bbd3779268ada52b596d6b2c0cb25.png
507d5c8bc5419aad630726a35bc3a153
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Title
A name given to the resource
A red clay pipe from the Nomini plantation,
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/df8e3cfdac624856f92a0c21bf3c8eb5.jpg
ae16f1974a8981bb1797e6c17503944d
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A series of red clay pipe bowls from the Chesapeake region of Virginia.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/03bcdbf05c4523c224c9c83f061ec5e8.jpeg
e2ab47a4b8362613bf57e7cc68d3e920
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Red Clay Pipe Bowl
Inventory Description
Friday, November 5, 2021, started like any other day. I arrived at the Harvard Yard site, Clover Coffee in hand, ready to dig.
“God,” I said, like I say each day, indiscriminately, “where is my red clay pipe stem?”
“You have a red clay pipe stem?!” Trish asked with excitement.
“No, no, just hoping to find one.”
I had prayed and hoped and wished for a pipe stem after the units near me started finding them, and lo and behold, they started coming out of the ground at H968. But then I learned that out there existed red clay pipe stems: like white clay pipe stems, but cooler and also they’re red. To find a red clay pipe stem would be exquisite.
And then, like God appearing to Jacob in a dream, an inch-ish long piece of ceramic appeared in the screen. At first, I assumed because it was red and ceramic that it was probably a brick fragment — but the archaeology gods had different plans for me. Alas, there it was: not just a red clay pipe STEM, but a red clay pipe BOWL, with markings, too.
In the excitement of the moment, I lost track of time and missed the bus I was supposed to take that afternoon to Cape Cod. As I sat in South Station waiting for the next bus, I started to investigate the origins of find. Did it come from Cambridge? From the Chesapeake region? From the kingdom of Heaven itself?
On first glance, it seems likely that the pipe came from a local craftsman. Petrographic analysis shows that red clay pipes found in New England are often indeed made in New England (Capone and Downs). But, I was struck by the zig-zag rouletting around the face of the bowl. After some research on Chesapeake area red clay pipes, I’d like to venture a very specific origin: the Nomini Plantation in Westmoreland County, Virginia.
In looking at and reading about red clay pipes from the Chesapeake region, I saw striking similarities in artifacts from the Nomini plantation. From Lukenbach and Kiser: “Banded bowls have a rouletted band around the center of the bowl — in some cases simply two parallel lines, in others the two parallel lines enclose a wider band of diagonal rouletting.” Above, see two examples from the Nomini Plantation next to my pipe bowl. Similar, no? Nomini pipes are also characterized by their unusually thin bodies, which mine has too. Its thickness, from the bottom of the curve to where the bowl breaks off, is only 0.6 cm. The thickness of the clay could not be more than 0.3 cm.
Furthermore, red clay pipes by Algonquin craftsmen from the Chesapeake region have similar markings to those found at the Nomini Plantation and in my unit. See: https://chipstone.org/images.php/294/Ceramics-in-America-2006/Seventeenth-Century-Tobacco-Pipe-Manufacturing-in-the-Chesapeake-Region:-A-Preliminary-Delineation-of-Makers-and-Their-Styles , https://explore.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/show/layersofthepast/multiplenarratives/locally_made_pipes
“Al Luckenbach and Taft Kiser Seventeenth-Century Tobacco Pipe Manufacturing in the Chesapeake Region: A Preliminary Delineation of Makers and Their Styles.” Chipstone, https://chipstone.org/images.php/294/Ceramics-in-America-2006/Seventeenth-Century-Tobacco-Pipe-Manufacturing-in-the-Chesapeake-Region:-A-Preliminary-Delineation-of-Makers-and-Their-Styles.
Source shows different Chesapeake area colonial red clay pipes.
Capone, Patricia & Elinor Downes. 2004. “Red Clay Tobacco Pipes: Petrographic Window into Seventeenth Century Economics at Jamestown, Virginia and New England.” In S. Lafferty & R. Mann (Eds). Smoking and Culture: The Archaeology of Tobacco Pipes in Eastern North America. “ Univ. of Tennessee Press.
Source uses petrographic analysis to derive the origins of red clay pipes throughout the east coast.
Jones, Brian. “Hollister Site Artifacts.” Office of State Archaeology, 28 Dec. 2017, https://osa.uconn.edu/home/recent/hollister/hollister-site-artifacts/#.
Source shows a number of artifacts found in Wethersfield, CT.
“University of Virginia Library Online Exhibits: Layers of the Past: Discoveries at Flowerdew Hundred.” Omeka RSS, https://explore.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/show/layersofthepast/multiplenarratives/locally_made_pipes.
Source shows images of red clay pipes from Virginia.
Peabody Number
2021.6.7
Intrasite
H968, Level 7
Depth
60 cm
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Pipe bowl
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.8 cm
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.5 cm
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.6 cm
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Red Clay Pipe Bowl
-
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
2025 Collection
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Red clay pipe bowl rim
Inventory Description
Red clay pipe bowl rim
Peabody Number
2025.8.253
Intrasite
H987 Level 2
Depth
24-38 cmbd
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Pipe
Class 3
Pipe bowl
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
.87
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.71
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.31
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Red clay pipe bowl rim
-
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Title
A name given to the resource
2025 Collection
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Red Clay Roof Tile
Inventory Description
Red Clay Roof Tile
Intrasite
H984 Wall Fall
Depth
0-72cmbd
Class 1
Architectural
Class 2
Ceramic
Class 3
Roof Tile
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
10 cm
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
8.9 cm
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.5 cm
Peabody Number
2025.8.83
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Title
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Red Clay Roof Tile
Subject
The topic of the resource
Red Clay Roof Tile
-
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444f6da10e591dcc2ab7bd14ff9eca7a
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Subject
The topic of the resource
This lead glaze is consistent with the glazing patterns found on colonial pipkins more generally. A uniform lead glaze was typically applied on the exterior, everywhere except the bottom of the vessel (which would have been directly over the heat source).
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d050766023aa718b0066cbb3d47fe3b0.jpg
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The coarse breakage pattern shows that the red clay with which this vessel was made was relatively unrefined. This suggests that it was domestically produced, as basic pottery was not valuable enough to import.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b68dad3d3ec5af1eff55213e3d806b3c.jpg
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Subject
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Pipkins had three feet, of which this would have been one. They were usually short and knob shaped, and elevated the vessel over the surface of the wood stove.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e7308b9a785048b6aabce5615e233862.jpg
356e3591b63181af51859f3902be0dd7
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Title
A name given to the resource
Floor Plan
Description
An account of the resource
The Old College building was multipurpose, with spaces for dining as well as meeting and instruction. Cooking space was probably on the western side of the building, where this sherd was found.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Belknap Press, Reprint ed., 2006.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f2af53bcd62f6dee5be16de4a033a5ec.jpg
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Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Harvard Yard
Description
An account of the resource
A map of Harvard Yard shows the 2016 excavation area in relation to the probably location of the Old College. The cooking and dining areas would have been on the western half of the building, just south of the excavation.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Loren, Diana and Capone, Patricia. "Lecture 1 2016–Introduction." Anthro 1130, September 2016.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8525aa563fd67b9e24f310714f388458.png
0465b35f7efd98317a2a5fe0c17bc4b0
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Pipkin
Description
An account of the resource
This 17th Century lead-glazed redware pipkin was produced in Essex, England and found on the colonial Jamestown site. Similar objects would have been used in Harvard Yard.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Jamestowne. 2017. “Essex Post-Medieval Fine Redware.” Jamestown Rediscovery, accessed April 29, 2017. http://historicjamestowne.org/collections/ceramics-research-group/essex-post-medieval-fine-redware/
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Title
A name given to the resource
2017 Assignment 3
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Redware Foot of Bowl
Inventory Description
Redware foot of a bowl, likely a pipkin.
Peabody Number
2016.26.507
Culture/Period
17th Century
Intrasite
H933 Level 4
Depth
76-86cm
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Sherd
Class 3
Base
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
4.3
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
3.9
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
3.7
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Redware Foot of Bowl
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Crews, Ed. 2004. "Colonial Foodways." Colonial Williamsburg Journal, Autumn. Accessed April 29. http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/autumn04/food.cfm
Historic Jamestowne. 2017. “Essex Post-Medieval Fine Redware.” Jamestown Rediscovery, accessed April 29, 2017. http://historicjamestowne.org/collections/ceramics-research-group/essex-post-medieval-fine-redware/
Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Colonial foodways were very different from how we eat now. Because no refrigeration was available, meals depended on what was in season, and raw fruits and vegetables were not popular. Dinner, the main meal of the day, was consumed in the afternoon. Food contained high levels of grease, seasoning, and sweetener by modern standards (Crews). At 17th Century Harvard College, all student meals would have been prepared and eaten in the Old College building in Harvard Yard.
Pipkins (colonial cooking pots) were mainly used for everyday cooking activities and placed over a wood stove during food preparation–hence their footed structure. Typically made from redware, pipkins were usually lead-glazed except for the base exterior (Historic Jamestowne). The lack of decoration on this sherd supports the hypothesis that the vessel was a utilitarian piece, used in everyday cooking.
This sherd is relatively unrefined, as evidenced by the coarse pattern along which it appears to have broken. The quality of the clay suggests that the piece was domestically produced, as local quality was much lower than that of imports (Hume 99). We can infer that this piece most likely dates to the 17th century due to positive identifications of other artifacts found at the same depth, including pipe stems and glassware.
17
ceramic
redware
-
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Title
A name given to the resource
2025 Collection
Archaeological Find
Object Name
redware rim sherd, lead-glazed
Inventory Description
ceramic, earthenware, redware, led-glazed
Peabody Number
2025.8.90
Intrasite
H980 wall cleaning
Class 1
ceramic
Class 2
earthenware
Class 3
redware
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.8
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.1
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
1
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Title
A name given to the resource
redware rim sherd, lead-glazed
-
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
2025 Collection
Archaeological Find
Object Name
Redware sherd
Inventory Description
Redware sherd
Peabody Number
2025.8.300
Intrasite
H982 Level 5
Depth
57-71 cmbd
Class 1
Ceramic
Class 2
Earthenware
Class 3
Redware
Quantity
1
Height (cm)
Dimension of Object
2.1
Width (cm)
Dimension of Object
1.23
Depth/Thickness (cm)
Dimension of Object
.45
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Redware sherd