43 20 1145 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6f68288165806504651560262c5f1496.jpg e0aaadc0c3e057d298992b03de997b5f Archaeological Find Object Name Rectangular nail Inventory Description rusted cut nail with rectangular shaft Peabody Number 2021.6.145 Intrasite H970 L3 Depth 17-27cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Nail Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .7 Century 19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rectangular nail https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f9f009fa3486684171e7851ee7267266.jpg 423aa0823e5a282d5fc337a973ea2ddf Archaeological Find Object Name Rectangular nail Inventory Description nail with flat head, minimal rusting Peabody Number 2021.6.381 Intrasite H970 L2 Depth 3-13cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Nail Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.8 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rectangular nail https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/fca125c8b714800bd63d0d4a36751fea.jpg 8df70dac34415d80e37810a1e8c79c1b Archaeological Find Object Name red bodied earthenware Inventory Description 2 with clear glaze, 2 with dark lead glaze Peabody Number 2021.6.552 Intrasite H970 L4 Depth 27-37cm Class 1 ceramic Class 2 earthenware Quantity 4 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.1 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource red bodied earthenware Archaeological Find Object Name Red brick fragment Inventory Description Red brick fragment Peabody Number 2016.29.1718 Intrasite Unprovenienced Wall Fall Depth N/A Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Ceramic Class 3 Brick Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 14.7 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 10.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 6.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red brick fragment brick clay Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Red brick fragments Inventory Description Red brick fragments Peabody Number 2025.8.477 Intrasite H982 Level 7 Depth 93-106 cmbd Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Ceramic Class 3 Brick Quantity 5 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.07 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.89 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red brick fragments https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/438426e96318e0125d792f7eab9ac7a5.jpg e0e6b1cf91dbaf4296c35e1651f8ee7c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seventeenth-century red clay brick that was likely used in the original construction of the chimneys or cellar floor of the Old College (begun 1638, completed 1643). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived (Davis, 1890). Photograph taken by Rachel Harner. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0b9f766295f021b3ff95fe0adabf740.png 34d87e0b236fd6f3a95ca029c3604425 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=1 (modified by Rachel Harner) Title A name given to the resource This 1933 conjectural drawing by Samuel Morison of the exterior of the Old College shows the building sided with wood and hypothesizes locations for several possible brick chimneys. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/aac7b6f0e5ba234d61dd181f441f8383.png 07f4c055f7bc0df5cf66f13d1a3c8ce7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University. Corporation. Records of early Harvard buildings, 1710-1969. Photographic prints of the elevations and floor plans of Harvard College or "Old College" used for publication by Samuel E. Morison, February 1933. UAI 15.10.5 Box 1, Folder 9, Harvard University Archives. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16731670?n=7 (modified by Rachel Harner) Title A name given to the resource Morison’s drawing of the first floor of the Old College. Possible chimney flues are outlined, and the cellar would have been located under the west bay of the building. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dee2e331dac051673b2911a69f0425ee.png 0bedb74616bcef32520c512034c75a01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Cambridge brickyards active in the 19th-century, demonstrating how large an industry brickmaking grew to become in Cambridge 200 years after the first bricks were made on Colonial soil. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Map by Charles W. Eliot, 2nd. Cambridge Historical Society. 1971. http://www.cambridgehistory.org/content/romance-brick https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e0c02657fce471da53a9cad3ed7017f4.jpg 754f7041dde322a1de5c2831cb1b880e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This is Massachusetts Hall today. Still used as a dormitory, the building is the second-oldest academic building still in use in America, its bricks having withstood 300 years of wear. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard College Freshman Dean's Office. 2017. http://fdo.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ivy-yard Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Peabody Number 2016.29.332 Culture/Period 17th century Intrasite H942, Level 5 Depth 80-90cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Ceramic Class 3 Brick Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 11.0cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 22.5cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 6.0cm Object Name Red Clay Brick with Handprint Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Brick with Handprint Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Davis, Andrew McFarland. “The early college buildings at Cambridge. From Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, April 30, 1890." Worcester, MA: C. Hamilton, 1890. Harvard University. Harvard College Records. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1925. Leighton, Henry and Heinrich Ries. History of the Clay-Working Industry in the United States. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1909. Long, Burton G. "The Romance of Brick. Read at a meeting of the Cambridge Historical Society, March 28, 1971." Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Historical Society, 1978. Stubbs, John Delano Jr., Ph.D. “Underground Harvard: The archaeology of college life.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 1992. Subject The topic of the resource Though the Harvard of today is recognized the world over for its iconic red brick architecture, the first purpose-built structure, the Old College, was undoubtedly constructed of wood, with 4,000 boards purchased in 1642 to side the building as it neared completion (Davis 1890). This means that the bricks uncovered in our excavation served very specific purposes, likely either as part of a chimney or the cellar, which excavations in the mid-1980s discovered had a brick floor (Stubbs 1992). The decision to construct such a monumental building from wood was likely influenced by Massachusetts’ prolific timber trade, since bricks at this time were still largely imported from England as ballast in the bottom of ships (Long 1971). However, early Harvard College records include a £2.15 charge for brickmakers, suggesting the bricks used in the construction of the Old College were some of the first made in what was quickly becoming a major new industry (Stubs 1992). In fact, the first house in Massachusetts made entirely of brick was erected in Boston in 1638, two years after the first land grant for brickmaking was issued (Reis, Leighton 1909). The premature deterioration of the Old College, which by 1679 is only referred to in the past tense, coupled with rapidly expanding local brick production, surely played a deciding role in the choice to construct the neighboring Indian College (1655) and still-standing Massachusetts Hall (1720) with brick, cementing (literally and figuratively) the association of Harvard to red clay bricks just like this one (Davis 1890; Reis, Leighton 1909). 17 brick https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5f0e204bc8fe4a0919591cbbe9ffcb63.jpg 9de6e6086ae948f3b9513f2fde32b2c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Tobacco Pipe Bowl Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo Credit: David Ryan Description An account of the resource Red clay tobacco pipes were very uncommon in New England during the 17th century at Harvard. Most of the red clay pipes found during this time were from Pamplin, Virginia. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c10f0ca183b728d1118ba76958d1a209.jpg c04059580e902f8081d3737f06c5c109 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red clay tobacco pipe bowls from Pamplin, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource This photo illustrates the differences between red clay tobacco pipes that have molds on their bowl compared to the plain ones like the one we discovered in Harvard Yard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/images/stories/pipes/clay%20pipe%20red%20pamplin%20pipe%20factory%20pamplin%20city%20va.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/28ce1f983f2ed9ba7c1cc5e40d68fa80.pdf 9f3e1624e834d76a89fe011c13dfa3b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adams House portrait of wealth and tobacco pipes Subject The topic of the resource This portrait found in Adams House displays opulently dressed people; one man smoking from a pipe while many other pipes adorn the outer edge. This shows the significance of tobacco at Harvard as well as its link to social status. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo Credit: David Ryan The Coolidge Room, Randolph Hall, Adams House, Harvard College. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7a470a8c6b4b4909e7d8ad54f6eef816.png 5561e7a3f7ea3e9d57fe4faf077f1cbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Statutes and Lawes of Harvard College, 1655. Subject The topic of the resource This photo shows some of the rules of Harvard College from 1655 including the prohibition of tobacco from campus. These rules also highlight the social hierarchy that existed in everyday life at Harvard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://ia800204.us.archive.org/17/items/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog/acopylawsharvar00unkngoog.pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Red Clay Pipe Bowl Inventory Description Red Clay Pipe Bowl Peabody Number 2016.29.100 Intrasite H932 Level 1 Depth 48-67 Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe Bowl Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2.5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Pipe Bowl Subject The topic of the resource This pipe was likely produced in the Pamplin area of Virginia, which indicates that not only that Harvard students broke the school’s smoking rules in the 17th century, but also that they invested in the endeavor. Although a large majority of people smoked tobacco daily in this time period (Hume, 1970), it was very uncommon for a student to own a red clay pipe during colonial New England, which implies that this student went to great lengths to display that he came from a wealthy background. Social status dictated most areas of life at Harvard during the 17th century such as which buildings students lived in, where they ate and whether they were admitted to the college in the first place (Hall, 1856). Social status could be differentiated from smoker to smoker through the material of the pipe and the engravings or lack of on the pipe bowl. Tobacco was very inexpensive during this time period so it was common for most people to indulge recreationally, medicinally and even as a food substitute. The fact that there are no engravings or molds on this particular bowl suggests that the owner of it was not of exuberant wealth to pay for an intricate design. Of course, just as in the present day, the rules at Harvard then still prohibited the use of tobacco on campus and in dorm rooms. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. Hall, Benjamin H. 1856. “A Collection of College Words and Customs”. Cambridge: John Bartlett. Capone, Patricia & Elinor Downes. 2004. “Red Clay Tobacco Pipes: Petrographic Window into Seventeenth Century Economics at Jamestown, Virginia and New England.” In S. Lafferty & R. Mann (Eds). Smoking and Culture: The Archaeology of Tobacco Pipes in Eastern North America. “ Univ. of Tennessee Press. 17 18 pipe https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ca99afb3797e957d718321028d3c6897.png d3b507983638af344232e45f3dae3436 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red clay pipe bowl from H968. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e949d234d9004071af329973f068114e.png 63b3bcfe175b05b6c9a26e0ff6c94fe3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A red clay pipe from the Nomini plantation. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e35bbd3779268ada52b596d6b2c0cb25.png 507d5c8bc5419aad630726a35bc3a153 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A red clay pipe from the Nomini plantation, https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/df8e3cfdac624856f92a0c21bf3c8eb5.jpg ae16f1974a8981bb1797e6c17503944d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A series of red clay pipe bowls from the Chesapeake region of Virginia. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/03bcdbf05c4523c224c9c83f061ec5e8.jpeg e2ab47a4b8362613bf57e7cc68d3e920 Archaeological Find Object Name Red Clay Pipe Bowl Inventory Description Friday, November 5, 2021, started like any other day. I arrived at the Harvard Yard site, Clover Coffee in hand, ready to dig. “God,” I said, like I say each day, indiscriminately, “where is my red clay pipe stem?” “You have a red clay pipe stem?!” Trish asked with excitement. “No, no, just hoping to find one.” I had prayed and hoped and wished for a pipe stem after the units near me started finding them, and lo and behold, they started coming out of the ground at H968. But then I learned that out there existed red clay pipe stems: like white clay pipe stems, but cooler and also they’re red. To find a red clay pipe stem would be exquisite. And then, like God appearing to Jacob in a dream, an inch-ish long piece of ceramic appeared in the screen. At first, I assumed because it was red and ceramic that it was probably a brick fragment — but the archaeology gods had different plans for me. Alas, there it was: not just a red clay pipe STEM, but a red clay pipe BOWL, with markings, too. In the excitement of the moment, I lost track of time and missed the bus I was supposed to take that afternoon to Cape Cod. As I sat in South Station waiting for the next bus, I started to investigate the origins of find. Did it come from Cambridge? From the Chesapeake region? From the kingdom of Heaven itself? On first glance, it seems likely that the pipe came from a local craftsman. Petrographic analysis shows that red clay pipes found in New England are often indeed made in New England (Capone and Downs). But, I was struck by the zig-zag rouletting around the face of the bowl. After some research on Chesapeake area red clay pipes, I’d like to venture a very specific origin: the Nomini Plantation in Westmoreland County, Virginia. In looking at and reading about red clay pipes from the Chesapeake region, I saw striking similarities in artifacts from the Nomini plantation. From Lukenbach and Kiser: “Banded bowls have a rouletted band around the center of the bowl — in some cases simply two parallel lines, in others the two parallel lines enclose a wider band of diagonal rouletting.” Above, see two examples from the Nomini Plantation next to my pipe bowl. Similar, no? Nomini pipes are also characterized by their unusually thin bodies, which mine has too. Its thickness, from the bottom of the curve to where the bowl breaks off, is only 0.6 cm. The thickness of the clay could not be more than 0.3 cm. Furthermore, red clay pipes by Algonquin craftsmen from the Chesapeake region have similar markings to those found at the Nomini Plantation and in my unit. See: https://chipstone.org/images.php/294/Ceramics-in-America-2006/Seventeenth-Century-Tobacco-Pipe-Manufacturing-in-the-Chesapeake-Region:-A-Preliminary-Delineation-of-Makers-and-Their-Styles , https://explore.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/show/layersofthepast/multiplenarratives/locally_made_pipes “Al Luckenbach and Taft Kiser Seventeenth-Century Tobacco Pipe Manufacturing in the Chesapeake Region: A Preliminary Delineation of Makers and Their Styles.” Chipstone, https://chipstone.org/images.php/294/Ceramics-in-America-2006/Seventeenth-Century-Tobacco-Pipe-Manufacturing-in-the-Chesapeake-Region:-A-Preliminary-Delineation-of-Makers-and-Their-Styles. Source shows different Chesapeake area colonial red clay pipes. Capone, Patricia & Elinor Downes. 2004. “Red Clay Tobacco Pipes: Petrographic Window into Seventeenth Century Economics at Jamestown, Virginia and New England.” In S. Lafferty & R. Mann (Eds). Smoking and Culture: The Archaeology of Tobacco Pipes in Eastern North America. “ Univ. of Tennessee Press. Source uses petrographic analysis to derive the origins of red clay pipes throughout the east coast. Jones, Brian. “Hollister Site Artifacts.” Office of State Archaeology, 28 Dec. 2017, https://osa.uconn.edu/home/recent/hollister/hollister-site-artifacts/#. Source shows a number of artifacts found in Wethersfield, CT. “University of Virginia Library Online Exhibits: Layers of the Past: Discoveries at Flowerdew Hundred.” Omeka RSS, https://explore.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/show/layersofthepast/multiplenarratives/locally_made_pipes. Source shows images of red clay pipes from Virginia. Peabody Number 2021.6.7 Intrasite H968, Level 7 Depth 60 cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe bowl Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.8 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .6 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Pipe Bowl Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Red clay pipe bowl rim Inventory Description Red clay pipe bowl rim Peabody Number 2025.8.253 Intrasite H987 Level 2 Depth 24-38 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe bowl Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object .87 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.71 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .31 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red clay pipe bowl rim Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Red Clay Roof Tile Inventory Description Red Clay Roof Tile Intrasite H984 Wall Fall Depth 0-72cmbd Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Ceramic Class 3 Roof Tile Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 10 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 8.9 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 cm Peabody Number 2025.8.83 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Clay Roof Tile Subject The topic of the resource Red Clay Roof Tile https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f632eab0c5e6317ae95eb63b18ad191c.jpg 444f6da10e591dcc2ab7bd14ff9eca7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource This lead glaze is consistent with the glazing patterns found on colonial pipkins more generally. A uniform lead glaze was typically applied on the exterior, everywhere except the bottom of the vessel (which would have been directly over the heat source). https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d050766023aa718b0066cbb3d47fe3b0.jpg 2829e996403f6b0a2a05d340a8d15a14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource The coarse breakage pattern shows that the red clay with which this vessel was made was relatively unrefined. This suggests that it was domestically produced, as basic pottery was not valuable enough to import. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b68dad3d3ec5af1eff55213e3d806b3c.jpg d72f83bfe1c6d6c9c6bd181e26d45520 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource Pipkins had three feet, of which this would have been one. They were usually short and knob shaped, and elevated the vessel over the surface of the wood stove. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e7308b9a785048b6aabce5615e233862.jpg 356e3591b63181af51859f3902be0dd7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Floor Plan Description An account of the resource The Old College building was multipurpose, with spaces for dining as well as meeting and instruction. Cooking space was probably on the western side of the building, where this sherd was found. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Belknap Press, Reprint ed., 2006. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f2af53bcd62f6dee5be16de4a033a5ec.jpg 40f16e78584bfd12e0bd264c41072b23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Harvard Yard Description An account of the resource A map of Harvard Yard shows the 2016 excavation area in relation to the probably location of the Old College. The cooking and dining areas would have been on the western half of the building, just south of the excavation. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Loren, Diana and Capone, Patricia. "Lecture 1 2016–Introduction." Anthro 1130, September 2016. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8525aa563fd67b9e24f310714f388458.png 0465b35f7efd98317a2a5fe0c17bc4b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pipkin Description An account of the resource This 17th Century lead-glazed redware pipkin was produced in Essex, England and found on the colonial Jamestown site. Similar objects would have been used in Harvard Yard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Historic Jamestowne. 2017. “Essex Post-Medieval Fine Redware.” Jamestown Rediscovery, accessed April 29, 2017. http://historicjamestowne.org/collections/ceramics-research-group/essex-post-medieval-fine-redware/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Redware Foot of Bowl Inventory Description Redware foot of a bowl, likely a pipkin. Peabody Number 2016.26.507 Culture/Period 17th Century Intrasite H933 Level 4 Depth 76-86cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Base Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 3.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Redware Foot of Bowl Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Crews, Ed. 2004. "Colonial Foodways." Colonial Williamsburg Journal, Autumn. Accessed April 29. http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/autumn04/food.cfm Historic Jamestowne. 2017. “Essex Post-Medieval Fine Redware.” Jamestown Rediscovery, accessed April 29, 2017. http://historicjamestowne.org/collections/ceramics-research-group/essex-post-medieval-fine-redware/ Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf. Subject The topic of the resource Colonial foodways were very different from how we eat now. Because no refrigeration was available, meals depended on what was in season, and raw fruits and vegetables were not popular. Dinner, the main meal of the day, was consumed in the afternoon. Food contained high levels of grease, seasoning, and sweetener by modern standards (Crews). At 17th Century Harvard College, all student meals would have been prepared and eaten in the Old College building in Harvard Yard. Pipkins (colonial cooking pots) were mainly used for everyday cooking activities and placed over a wood stove during food preparation–hence their footed structure. Typically made from redware, pipkins were usually lead-glazed except for the base exterior (Historic Jamestowne). The lack of decoration on this sherd supports the hypothesis that the vessel was a utilitarian piece, used in everyday cooking. This sherd is relatively unrefined, as evidenced by the coarse pattern along which it appears to have broken. The quality of the clay suggests that the piece was domestically produced, as local quality was much lower than that of imports (Hume 99). We can infer that this piece most likely dates to the 17th century due to positive identifications of other artifacts found at the same depth, including pipe stems and glassware. 17 ceramic redware Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name redware rim sherd, lead-glazed Inventory Description ceramic, earthenware, redware, led-glazed Peabody Number 2025.8.90 Intrasite H980 wall cleaning Class 1 ceramic Class 2 earthenware Class 3 redware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.8 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource redware rim sherd, lead-glazed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Redware sherd Inventory Description Redware sherd Peabody Number 2025.8.300 Intrasite H982 Level 5 Depth 57-71 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Redware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.1 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.23 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Redware sherd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Redware Sherd Inventory Description Redware Sherd Peabody Number 2025.8.488 Intrasite H984 Wall Fall Depth 0-72cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Redware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Redware Sherd https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/be6f2887e98ed87476e9e41cf37c57ee.jpeg c06daa003c8a3b3a8d240dae5619474b https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d6b11498f76ec6f345a527b3c1ef7b7e.jpg 91ae933f791651cf88a165009ebb257c Archaeological Find Object Name Resin Blob Peabody Number 2021.6.207 Intrasite H971 Level 5 Depth 27 cm Class 1 Synthetic Class 2 Unclassified Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object .6 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .6 Notes Material Unknown Century Unknown (c. 18th?) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resin Blob Subject The topic of the resource Resin Blob Description An account of the resource A small, white resin blob. Initially mistaken for a tooth. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Rhenish brown stoneware Inventory Description Rhenish brown stoneware Peabody Number 2025.8.510 Intrasite H982 Level 7 Depth 93-106 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Rhenish stoneware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.33 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .92 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish brown stoneware Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Rhenish stoneware Inventory Description Ceramic, rhenish stoneware, cobalt glaze Peabody Number 2025.8.450 Intrasite H980 L7 Depth 83 - 99 cmdd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Rhenish stoneware Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.71 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.75 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish stoneware https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/af18a6fd5e1bf16c8f7a0c17d39e2d54.jpg 62d2273a360780e48fe0dee6d54f4fce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish stoneware handle https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f9065a107b4f06d3cba1a56528123d9a.jpg 1be999a84fae58bcf74aaf5fe4a54c09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish stoneware handle https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f8c0f5c0ccdb40c47b2c4fea8cdae5ff.jpg 77d21f11af8ea0e508fba870b26b03c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 18th Century Rhenish Stoneware vessel showing handles shaped similar to the excavated sherd Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/ColonialWare-thumbnails/rhenish_stoneware_images.htm#StampedAndIncised4 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/fe4bd73780471b5c13611e772764898a.jpg a83bb01825006eaa644d3b9e4499dcf7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 18th Century Rhenish Stoneware vessel showing handles shaped similar to the excavated sherd Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/ColonialWare-thumbnails/rhenish_stoneware_images.htm#StampedAndIncised4 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d86f6cd9cfb650dade74bd5dc4ceaec8.jpg eda9cb9deff5631de7ad801c1d8b4317 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harvard College College Commons Records Archaeological Find Object Name Rhenish stoneware handle Inventory Description Rhenish stoneware handle Peabody Number 2025.8.50 Intrasite H980 Level 6 Depth 78-85 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Rhenish stoneware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.8 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish stoneware handle Subject The topic of the resource This Rhenish stoneware handle sherd was found in Level 6 of Unit H980, and was likely part of a vessel used for everyday life. Rhenish stoneware originated in Rhineland, Germany, but was later produced in many different regions and became a widely traded import in England and its North American colonies. There are two main types of Rhenish stoneware: brown stoneware and blue-on-gray (Hume 1970). The piece found in H980, a light gray-bodied ceramic with cobalt coloring, belongs to the latter. This type of Rhenish stoneware dominated British imports in the late 17th and 18th centuries and continued to be shipped to the colonies in large quantities until the 1770s. More specifically, the shape of this sherd resembles the handles of eighteenth-century Rhenish stoneware vessels, which typically feature a V-shaped terminal, accurately reflecting the time period when the first Harvard Hall was in use. Other than its often elaborate decorations, Rhenish stoneware was valued for its durability and impermeability and was mostly used for storage, serving, drinking, and sanitation. In the early 1700s, Rhenish stoneware was commonly made into tankards, mugs, jugs, and chamber pots, so it is reasonable to infer that the handle found in H980 most likely came from a vessel used regularly for drinking (Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland 2026). Its presence in Harvard Yard suggests that at least some students had access to imported goods that were relatively costly and fashionable. Because college regulations required students to dine communally in the Hall, meals were a central and public part of student life on campus (Harvard University 1765–1829). Therefore, the choice of personal tableware would have made differences in economic background and social status among students apparent. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived N.d.Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland. https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/, accessed February 27, 2026. (This source offers detailed descriptions of the forms, decorative styles, and functional uses of Rhenish stoneware.) Hume, Ivor Noël. 1970. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. [1st ed.]. New York: Knopf. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990012245160203941/catalog. (This source provides a foundational overview of Rhenish stoneware, explaining its origin, characteristics, and history in colonial America.) College Commons Records. Harvard Commons Records, 1772–1820. UAI 15.250, Box 1. Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, MA. Accessed March 6, 2026. https://nrs.lib.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.arch:14107855. (This source provides information about student dining practices, showing how meals were a structured and important part of campus life. ) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Rhenish stoneware handle sherd Inventory Description Rhenish stoneware handle sherd Peabody Number 2025.8.555 Intrasite H979 Level 8 Depth 97 - 107 cm bd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Stoneware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.4 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.8 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish stoneware handle sherd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Rhenish stoneware ceramic sherd Inventory Description Rhenish stoneware, ceramic Peabody Number 2025.8.172 Intrasite H980 L6 Depth 78 - 85 cmbd Class 1 ceramic Class 2 rhenish stoneware Height (cm) Dimension of Object 0.97 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.86 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.45 Quantity 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish Stoneware Sherd