4 20 938 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9ff1cd58f366d7ac3b3aba4e881d307f.png ab78c64e310f29f7919d735d0f992cd7 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b5c81af1880ae840d2ee7fa9753d0dcc.png 8567c8f56982ea49fa082be09d185698 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/329c16d81bed4066c3ac49a5c49b3d3e.jpg 3174ab9499a677e2401f257eb3d290b1 Archaeological Find Object Name Amber Bottle Glass Fragment Inventory Description Thin, slightly curved, textured amber glass fragment. Peabody Number 2021.6.9 Intrasite H968, Level 7 Depth 60 cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Amber Bottle Glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.1 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amber Bottle Glass Fragment Description An account of the resource Just as how colds and coughs rampage through college campuses today, 17th century students of the newly founded Harvard College also fell subject to ailments throughout their time at school. Because pharmacists and apothecaries were somewhat rare in the colonies at the time, it was not unusual for churchmen, governors, and housewives to dispense their own drugs in small amber glass bottles. Ranging in shape and size, the amber glass bottles were most likely filled with herbal remedies, similar to the ones found in physician Samuel Stearns medical notebook, or maybe it was filled with the ingredients to make home remedies, including peppermint, chamomile, cream of tartar, and camphor. If a student is struggling with fever, they can drink a concoction called “American Poison” or flip through the apothecary book and find a remedy for stiff joints or any other pain they may be suffering from. The amber glass made during this time is described as “old” amber, often appearing as a medium yellowish amber with an olive tint. The olive tinted amber glass, which became very uncommon around the late 1800’s, helps to set the upper range of possible dates of the bottle. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anon. Bottle Colors Page. Available at: https://sha.org/bottle/colors.htm#Amber [Accessed February 25, 2022]. ^ amber glass information Anon. Who Were The Apothecaries? Harvard Center for the History of Medicine. Available at: https://collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/exhibits/show/apothecary-jars/sequence. Hume, Ivor Noel. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Stearns, Samuel, 1747-1809. Medical notebook of Samuel Stearns, circa 1773. H MS b1.1, Countway Library of Medicine. https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.COUNT:32523247 ^ image of American Poison Willard, Samuel, 1766-1820. Account of medicines delivered to Jonathan Fuller by Samuel Willard, 1795-1799. B MS Misc., Countway Library of Medicine. https://colonialnorthamerica.library.harvard.edu/spotlight/cna/catalog/990146278070203941 ^ image of medicine orders and ingredients https://anth1130.omeka.fas.harvard.edu/items/show/1783 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e301f70b08b1a09d274744a7d65b558c.jpeg 25d831134af1b33ae31c0d0ba38efa13 Archaeological Find Object Name Green flat glass Inventory Description 1 fragment of frosted green flat glass Peabody Number 2021.6.10 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Flat glass Class 3 Green flat glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .8 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Green flat glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/810b015a785b73c92281b57b991a7055.jpeg 777c9ecd4bdbb1971e79b36a2b9d4014 Archaeological Find Object Name Green bottle glass Inventory Description 2 fragments of green bottle glass Peabody Number 2021.6.14 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Green bottle glass Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Green bottle glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c1464453d4071e02eb8b96b892676d5c.jpeg da947412c81a73540ff70c6f193d5c6b Archaeological Find Object Name Brown bottle glass Inventory Description 1 fragment of brown bottle glass Peabody Number 2021.6.13 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Brown bottle glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.7 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brown bottle glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/96edc7114fff6569815e449cb2ee6d63.jpeg 8401c3378bf206e1bfb951f8c8007a2d Archaeological Find Object Name Olive green bottle glass Inventory Description Fragments of olive green bottle glass Peabody Number 2021.6.12 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Olive green bottle glass Quantity 6 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olive green bottle glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/832b60b1e76bfd60044c3678f39a279a.jpeg 918baa33785bd1f08393329251a51692 Archaeological Find Object Name Aqua flat glass Inventory Description Fragments of aqua flat glass Peabody Number 2021.6.11 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Flat glass Class 3 Aqua flat glass Quantity 7 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aqua flat glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/65c87f4a7b8376a7c3346f4c716de657.jpeg bcf01aa16dee44b7a6686092e609cb55 Archaeological Find Object Name Colorless bottle glass Inventory Description One fragment of lamp glass Peabody Number 2021.6.15 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Colorless bottle glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.7 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.4 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 Notes Specifically lamp glass Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colorless bottle glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d8f59e9dd664624df25bfb8988fb1af6.jpeg d284ae93d6bb7ebb592dd47495975539 Archaeological Find Object Name Colorless bottle glass Inventory Description Fragments of colored bottle glass Peabody Number 2021.6.16 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Colorless bottle glass Quantity 5 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.1 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colorless bottle glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f65a3bfa1739c91694e39704e4385044.jpg 3bc20629f5b6d84de392d984637bedc6 Archaeological Find Object Name Olive Wine Bottle Glass Fragment Inventory Description Slightly curved olive-colored glass fragment, likely from wine bottle. Peabody Number 2021.6.17 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Olive Bottle Glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.9 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.3 cm Intrasite H968 Level 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olive Wine Bottle Glass Fragment https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/707b4808e0f50b7d371f3aaee047845f.jpg 623f6634dc00076df3e0d4799074307d Archaeological Find Object Name Architectural Glass Inventory Description Shards of clear architectural glass. Peabody Number 2021.6.18 Intrasite H968 Level 1 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Flat Glass Class 3 Aqua Flat Glass Quantity 4 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.4 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aqua Flat Glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6ba664ec60f4370c710d459d9bd51549.jpg 6ff8e1f888e399c98ae42b24cd8b3b3a Archaeological Find Object Name Colorless Flat Glass Inventory Description Shards of colorless flat glass Peabody Number 2021.6.27 Intrasite H968 Level 1 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Flat glass Class 3 Colorless flat glass Quantity 4 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.0 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colorless Flat Glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/66fb1fb8c212a9768c5d9f7161d59e72.jpg f6d3b0c7f7890014a3d0d8afe9db6385 Archaeological Find Object Name Curved Amber Glass Inventory Description A curved piece of amber glass Peabody Number 2021.6.19 Intrasite H968 Level 1 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Amber bottle glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 0.9 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Curved Amber Glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/bd3f14af650502ac234991e768bfa1ce.jpg 4b28837b621c8fd91289b82625fbe51a Archaeological Find Object Name Ungulate Tooth Fragment Inventory Description A fragment of a tooth, likely from an ungulate Peabody Number 2021.6.20 Intrasite H968 Level 1 Class 1 Organic Class 2 Faunal remains Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.1 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ungulate Tooth Fragment https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c45ca6189610cf205daa4ffcdc35686d.jpg 005d8832d3802a10cf3b79fa5f8a4a72 Archaeological Find Object Name Bone fragment Inventory Description A fragment of bone Peabody Number 2021.6.21 Intrasite H968 Level 1 Class 1 Organic Class 2 Bone Class 3 Fragment Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.4 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bone fragment https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f729b02f75475f5e52574d515a38d5ee.jpg 533e4b4ecacabd40a1cb0d1c67ba02a6 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/13095838022fb63b490b3995df201dd7.jpg cb8e22ba39e2a6f477562c5e602b6809 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9b7d5db642fdd7f73fb95fb941ae962b.jpg f280e4305563a3e2301d477b0861ee46 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Midlands/Staffordshire-type slipware sherd collected by George L. Miller in 1986 in Staffordshire, England. Note the distinct wave pattern we also see on our sherd. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “North Midlands (Staffordshire-Type) Slipware.” Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland website. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/ColonialWare-thumbnails/NorthMidlands-Staffordshire-Slipware_images.html#Hanley7. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/21283412cdd97b8ab09efc4af9c9a8af.jpg 3881f23dd8013c07afc3297bdd898b09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sherd of North Midlands/Staffordshire-type slipware from the “House for Families” at George Washington’s Mount Vernon Estate. Sherd is from a dish or plate. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Staffordshire slipware trailed and combed dish or plate.” Mount Vernon website. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://www.mountvernon.org/preservation/archaeology/archaeology-online/object/1722392#-. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4a444a75c6bc33234d1da48528ee0b53.jpg 6495a4f03e2bafedca6911ded891eb8d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Devon sgraffito and Staffordshire combed and marbled ware sherds from Hampton, Virginia. The sherd we found may’ve been part of an object like one of these. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hunter, Robert. “Figure 32.” 2001. In Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Dots, Dashes, and Squiggles: Early English Slipware Technology.” In Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://chipstone.org/article.php/8/Ceramics-in-America-2001/Dots,-Dashes,-and-Squiggles:-Early-English-Slipware-Technology-. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/397865e470cbe928565d4bb39e4f85a4.jpg 66e5fe5704a98bd5197b1da4fa40880f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White slip is trailed onto a dish in this example of the trailing technique. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Figure 21.” 2001. In Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Dots, Dashes, and Squiggles: Early English Slipware Technology.” In Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://chipstone.org/article.php/8/Ceramics-in-America-2001/Dots,-Dashes,-and-Squiggles:-Early-English-Slipware-Technology-. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/629807ad34e8e0b9afa3d078e97c8999.jpg 11784d669833b75e4e74cc7ba935e488 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A comb is drawn through wet white slip to create peaks and troughs in this example of the combing technique. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Figure 31.” 2001. In Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Dots, Dashes, and Squiggles: Early English Slipware Technology.” In Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://chipstone.org/article.php/8/Ceramics-in-America-2001/Dots,-Dashes,-and-Squiggles:-Early-English-Slipware-Technology-. Archaeological Find Object Name Earthenware body sherd with slip decoration Inventory Description Earthenware body sherd with slip decoration. North Midlands/Staffordshire-type slipware. Trailed and combed decorative pattern. Peabody Number 2021.6.35 Intrasite H974, Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Body Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Culture/Period 1660-1775 Century 17th/18th Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Earthenware body sherd with slip decoration Subject The topic of the resource This trailed and combed North Midlands/Staffordshire-type slipware sherd is an example of the common ceramics used at Harvard and the North American Colonies as a whole. Earthenware ceramics like the sherd here were the easiest and cheapest to produce, and thus were the most widely used in England and the Colonies (Hume 1969, 102). This particular type of earthenware, North Midlands/Staffordshire-type slipware, was developed in the Staffordshire region of England in the mid-17th century (Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland). While some earthenware decorated with slip (liquified white clay used to decorate a piece), or slipware, was produced in the Colonies beginning in the late 17th century, slipware used in the Colonies was often produced in England itself and brought to the Colonies on ships (Deetz 1996, 70; Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland). This sherd demonstrates the decorative techniques of trailing, where a tube or quill would be used to trail slip across a vessel; and combing, where a pointed tool would be dragged through the applied wet slip to create patterns of peaks and troughs, like those seen on the sherd (Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland). Given that this type of slipware was widely and cheaply produced, this sherd was likely part of a standard ceramic item that a Harvard student owned, such as a plate or dish. It is probably from the time period of 1660 - 1775, as North Midlands/Staffordshire-type slipware began production around 1660 and stopped being exported to the Colonies in the 1770s (Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deetz, James. 1996. In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life. New York: Anchor Books. “Figure 21.” 2001. In Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Dots, Dashes, and Squiggles: Early English Slipware Technology.” In Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://chipstone.org/article.php/8/Ceramics-in-America-2001/Dots,-Dashes,-and-Squiggles:-Early-English-Slipware-Technology-. “Figure 31.” 2001. In Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Dots, Dashes, and Squiggles: Early English Slipware Technology.” In Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://chipstone.org/article.php/8/Ceramics-in-America-2001/Dots,-Dashes,-and-Squiggles:-Early-English-Slipware-Technology-. Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Hunter, Robert. “Figure 32.” 2001. In Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Dots, Dashes, and Squiggles: Early English Slipware Technology.” In Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://chipstone.org/article.php/8/Ceramics-in-America-2001/Dots,-Dashes,-and-Squiggles:-Early-English-Slipware-Technology-. “North Midlands (Staffordshire-Type) Slipware.” Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland website. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/ColonialWare-thumbnails/NorthMidlands-Staffordshire-Slipware_images.html#Hanley7. “Staffordshire slipware trailed and combed dish or plate.” Mount Vernon website. Accessed February 23rd, 2022. https://www.mountvernon.org/preservation/archaeology/archaeology-online/object/1722392#-. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8a6590a2f1f857981417d1fafe8dc558.jpg 55320f290dd6c0aa7cd75c1673708089 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brown transferware cup from Maryland. Bat printing worked well for irregularly shaped and small vessels since the bat easily fit along tight surfaces, meaning the sherd could have been something like a teacup or lid. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory. 2016. Printed Underglaze Earthenware. Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland. Accessed [February 20, 2022]. https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/Post-Colonial%20Ceramics/Printed%20Earthenwares/Colors/Thumbnail%20pages/Colors.htm#ruthsaloon. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4c1c7c366e44046e0bdeb74b814178d9.png 12e2926d99d23cc2324e1509b7652f4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photos showing the recreation of bat printing. The bat printing process transfers images onto ceramics using oil, a bat, and powdered enamels that are fired into place. This process was established by 1805. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Processes-Bat Printing.” The Transferware Collectors Club website, 2022. Accessed [February 18, 2022]. https://www.transferwarecollectorsclub.org/annex/image-gallery/processes/processes-bat-printing/. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/447487fc7fb86847fe2413a1a30e3976.png ee29e5571f018f3d439cd2fef2e93a24 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Excerpt from "History of the Staffordshire Potteries." This excerpt from historian Simeon Shaw’s 1829 book shows how owning brown transferware might have signaled the high socioeconomic status of the Harvard student who owned it. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Shaw, Simeon. 1900. History of the Staffordshire Potteries; and the Rise and Progress of the Manufacture of Pottery and Porcelain; with References to Genuine Specimens, and Notices of Eminent Potters. Scott, Greenwood, & Son. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/2d6580ddf3990ac215f1c88129146e13.jpg a05f7d972151231b5316c30d059990fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brown transferprint ceramic sherd (front of design). The floral motif and stippled effect can be seen along the top edge of this photo. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8d8d0b14eb69b9ada8719553404c790d.jpg 101f3ff26cabbb475a9340cce59846cd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brown transferprint ceramic sherd (back of design). Because a chunk is missing from this part of the sherd, it can be difficult to determine exact form or use of the vessel. Archaeological Find Object Name Brown transferware ceramic sherd Inventory Description Brown bat-transferred ceramic sherd with floral motif Peabody Number 2021.6.47 Intrasite H970 Level 2 Depth 3-13cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Lid Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.1cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.3cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1cm Notes Follows an "S" curve shape but is missing one side, making form more difficult to determine. Bat process transfer is useful for small and irregularly shaped vessels such as a lid. Century 19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brown transferware ceramic sherd Subject The topic of the resource How do you portray yourself to the world? Maybe by your clothing’s brands, cellphone case, or sports equipment. At nineteenth century Harvard, a student might have expressed their individualism through dishware. From its start, Harvard required students to provide their own dishware (Morison 2006). Even into the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, there was no standardization in kitchen-related items (Stubbs 1992). This means students could express their personality – and wealth – through dishware. This object is a brown transferware ceramic sherd with floral motifs and was most likely produced between the 1830s and 1840s. Brown was most commonly used in ceramic printing in the 1830s (Miller 1984:44; Samford 1997). Floral designs were popular in transferprint throughout the 1800s, but this edge design was most common between 1829 and 1843 (Samford 1997). Finally, the stippled effect, or tiny dots in the image, was created through bat printing (Stelle 2001). Bat printing (also known as cold or overglaze printing) was a form of transfer printing underneath ceramic glaze that was most popular in the first half of the nineteenth century (Samford 1997). Together, this helps us date this sherd to the first half of the nineteenth century. The student who owned this was up-to-date with high society ceramic trends because of its unique brown color and intricate flower design. So, the next time you get dressed or pick up your phone, think about how future archaeologists might see your personality shine through these everyday items. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Processes-Bat Printing.” The Transferware Collectors Club website, 2022. Accessed [February 18, 2022]. https://www.transferwarecollectorsclub.org/annex/image-gallery/processes/processes-bat-printing/. Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory. 2016. Printed Underglaze Earthenware. Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland. Accessed [February 20, 2022]. https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/Post-Colonial%20Ceramics/Printed%20Earthenwares/Colors/Thumbnail%20pages/Colors.htm#ruthsaloon. Miller, George. 1987. An Introduction to English Ceramics for Archaeologists. A one-day seminar at the Second Conference on Historic Archaeology in Illinois. Midwestern Archaeological Research Center. Illinois State University. Normal, Illinois. Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Samford, Patricia M. 1997 “Response to a Market: Dating English Underglaze Transfer-Printed Wares.” In Historical Archaeology, vol. 31, no.2, Society for Historical Archaeology. Shaw, Simeon. 1900. History of the Staffordshire Potteries; and the Rise and Progress of the Manufacture of Pottery and Porcelain; with References to Genuine Specimens, and Notices of Eminent Potters. Scott, Greenwood, & Son. Stelle, Lenville J. 2001. An Archaeological Guide to Historic Artifacts of the Upper Sangamon Basin. Center for Social Research, Parkland College. https://virtual.parkland.edu/lstelle1/len/archguide/documents/arcguide.htm. Stubbs, John D. 1992. Underground Harvard: The Archaeology of College Life. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/02e1cbdc6deac317d81583f16406e6f2.jpg e7687329f99488c6c687552a37506893 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 17th Century Pipe Stem (1650-1680) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c7a4624e2e60abc1898e589008d9da58.jpg 40489d575c79eb678218b0b1d1ebf3dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This chart shows the variations in tobacco pipe stem hole diameters over time, along with their frequency in each time period. Subject The topic of the resource This chart is incredibly useful to archaeologists working in colonial contexts. Pipe stems survive in abundance because they were used prolifically by colonists due to tobacco’s perceived medicinal value. Due to their frequency in the archaeological record, archaeologists noticed that pipe stem hole diameters decrease in size over time. Thus, as seen from the chart, archaeologists can use the size of the hole to approximate the time periods in which it was likely to have been made. In the case of this particular pipe stem, its diameter is 7/64. This size has a higher frequency in the period of 1650-1680 and thus, it is likely to come from a time within this range. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4fddfee1b55a66af844f939fff2b3247.png 7bc36b9f389caafcb2b1b0057710f3f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The front cover to Doctor Nicholas Culpeper’s “The Complete Herbal” written in 1653. Subject The topic of the resource Within this book, Culpeper includes detailed engravings of plants and herbs along with their names and uses. Due to the fact this is written by a medical doctor, it is clear that smoking generally had a positive attitude by society, though Puritans had a particular dislike for this activity due to its association with idleness. Yet still, smoking was viewed as the primary treatment of many ailments, and as such, pipe stems are very frequent in the archaeological record. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Culpeper, Nicholas. 1653. “The Complete Herbal.” London: Thomas Kelly. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/cd9c972f2d68ad24a365f126ab26218a.png 8a636e3c6a7a06ba972327a4b6311896 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cover to a book detailing the Laws of Harvard College. Description An account of the resource This document is extremely illuminating, detailing not only what courses students took, but also how Harvard students were expected to dress and behave. This document is a good accompaniment to archaeological findings since it describes the institutional ideal of student behavior while archaeological findings provide a more humanistic and realistic look at what actually took place on campus. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Peirce, Benjamin. 1778-1831. “Benjamin Peirce personal archive, 1787-1832.” Admittatur, 1797 August 16. HUG 1680 Box 1, Harvard University Archives. Archaeological Find Object Name 17th Century Pipe Stem Inventory Description Pipe stem fragment 7/64 Peabody Number 2021.6.53 Intrasite H971, Level 6 Depth 49-64cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.8cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object .7cm Century 1650-1680 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 17th Century Pipe Stem Subject The topic of the resource Breathe in. Breathe out. The repetition causes you to close your eyes as the bitter taste of tobacco floods your senses. You have both a Greek and Natural Philosophy exam tomorrow and you pray that the medicinal qualities of tobacco cures you of your headache. You are a Harvard College student in the mid-to-late 1600s. The abundance of pipe stems in the archaeology record of Harvard Yard is of note to archaeologists and current students alike. After all, according to early Harvard College Laws, inspired by the strict religious beliefs of the Puritans, “Noe Student shall…take Tobacco or bring or permit to be brought into his Chamber strong Beere, wine, or strong water, or any other inebriating Drinke to the end that all excesse and abuse thereof may bee prevented” (Overseers President and Fellows 1655, 331). However, colonial smoking is much more nuanced because although smoking recreationally was forbidden (i.e. “to the end that all excesse and abuse”), students were allowed to smoke to cure their aliments. As seen in the front page to a 1650s herbal book, tobacco was smoked along with various medicinal herbs and was a treatment strongly supported by doctors (Culpeper 1653). Although archaeologists are not able to tell whether a pipe was used for recreational or medicinal purposes, it gives archaeologists an insight into the actual students who once studied here centuries ago outside of the College’s historical documents. Additionally, due to the unique ability to date pipe stems, their discovery allows archaeologists to date other non-dateable artifacts found in the same context. Through consulting archaeologist J.C. Harrington’s pipe stem dating chart, since the pipe stem hole diameter measures 7/64, the pipe was made between 1650 and 1680 (Hume 1969, 298). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Culpeper, Nicholas. 1653. “The Complete Herbal.” London: Thomas Kelly. Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America.” The University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. Peirce, Benjamin. 1778-1831. “Benjamin Peirce personal archive, 1787-1832.” Admittatur, 1797 August 16. HUG 1680 Box 1, Harvard University Archives. The Overseers Presidents and Fellows of Harvard College. 1655. “The Lawes of the Colledge published publiquely before the Students of Harvard Colledge.” https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/81e5cfe474b9e3438179d05e169a94b5.jpg aa3f7a5262a66dd04f0b7ae291274480 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament - Back View https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a3ad5e63ee4442bdcf43fd3028df08e9.jpg 44eab8ce7928c325c72781b1da300cd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament - Base View https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3db4581fc3f0ab5e1861bee4f056c8a2.jpg ec6bd5f27d3619035cde7336299dd92f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament - Top View https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d3ea1c9ef5160d6bf27c91514967aa16.jpg 7b249dad4a9f08523f0b82fc3ad86b97 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Matthews Hall Stone Embellishment Subject The topic of the resource A visual example of decorative stone being used in Matthews Hall, the building nearest the archaeological site where the stone ornament was found; a similar use to one this ornament may have had. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Blondin, Émilie. Matthews Hall Stone Embellishment. February 24, 2022. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/2fcbb2f9c09c9752abcf68ebd93e8034.jpg c62d6ab51579bd4c01860952ad6b83bf Archaeological Find Object Name Unfinished Stone Ornament Intrasite H972, Level 4 Depth 24.5 cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Stone Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object Height: 10.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object Length: 20 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object Depth: 5.1 cm Peabody Number 2021.6.45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unfinished Stone Ornament Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nlaE3-XfmJwC&lpg=PA67&dq=harvard%20matthews%20hall&client=firefox-a&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bunting, Bainbridge, and Margaret Henderson. Floyd. 1985. Harvard : an Architectural History. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.</a> A written example of decorative stone being used in Matthews Hall, the building nearest the archaeological site where the stone ornament was found; a similar use to one this ornament may have had. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pvi47as3hvEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Gage, Mary, and J. E Gage. 2002. The Art of Splitting Stone. 1st ed. Amesbury, MA: Powwow River Books.</a> A book detailing the variety of methods of breaking stone in post-colonial contact New England; one method of which could have been used to initially break this stone at a quarry. <a href="https://muse-jhu-edu.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/book/19205">Gilson, Thomas, and Gilson, William. 2012. Carved in Stone : the Artistry of Early New England Gravestones. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.</a> A description of stone chiseling in the Old Burying Ground, a site across the road from where this stone was found, similar to the marks on the stone. Subject The topic of the resource Carved on one side in the shape of a spade, the majority of the stone’s other half is unaltered. Based on the curve of the stone, it is clear that there was never enough material to replicate the spade design on the right half. The left side was worked with care, with minute, rough bumps along the carved curve. The back and base of the feature have straight and diagonal lines chiseled into it, for the purpose of using mortar to attach the ornament to a building. The brown stain is the result of a rusty nail that was found on top of the ornament. Given that this stone was found in a level filled with architectural and construction debris, including bricks and nails, ranging from the 18th to 19th century, its resting place gives an approximate date and may reveal parts of its life. While Harvard was in the process of constructing many of the dormitories of Harvard Yard, there was likely leftover or inutile stone around the site. A construction worker may have picked up a discarded stone, and set to work on carving it. Given its shape, the ornament could never have been completed, but its being made anyways may have been to alleviate boredom or to practice the technique of making such an ornament for another project. When the worker abandoned the stone, it was discarded in the construction debris area, where it was uncovered in 2021. Stone decorations like this were used to adorn buildings, similar to the foliate stone carvings of Harvard Yard’s Matthews Hall, pictured above. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1b4f6abc9dfd87adb46aeae161c70eab.jpg d97ecf611af86c0e34c3749a756d6071 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two fragments of white clay pipe bowl placed together Description An account of the resource Pipe bowl, 2 pieces, white clay, moderately wide with foot Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peabody Museum Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2021.6.28 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ffab979ba05b9e3f504c1550b404f7b9.jpg 7390a74b7295f254bd31ea6ed2112e8c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two fragments of white clay pipe bowl separated https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/efbbd50298f1c401bc4cf34382737020.png d6cb617113227ee1b2045b5e80b44be5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay Pipe Bowl Typography Diagram Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. “Tobacco Pipes and Smoking Equipment.” Chapter. In A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America, 296–312. Vintage Books, 1969. Subject The topic of the resource This diagram helps us date excavated pipe bowls by physical appearance, as the physical form of pipe bowls distinctly changed over time. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/00d21ce5b8e5666ac038e90dba304357.jpeg ba1817024c27274f2b4e5248b275dcdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anti-Tobacco Political Cartoon Subject The topic of the resource This colonial-era illustration helps us identify the Puritan view of smoking, as smoking was seen as a vice similar to drinking and other drugs that would cause social ills. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. “Hunting for a Little Ladle, Tobacco Pipes.” Hunting for a Little Ladle: Tobacco Pipes | The Colonial Williamsburg Official History & Citizenship Site, 2002. https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/Foundation/journal/Winter03-04/pipes.cfm. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/206bb3277adcd5904d3601d07df5e242.jpeg cbfc2d0d8a0078ffc1ae163b1afb48f4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 18th Century Tobacco Box Subject The topic of the resource This is a picture of a tobacco box from the 18th century that would be used to store the tobacco that would be smoked with a clay pipe. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Siefke Estill, Madeline. “Colonial New England Silver Snuff, Tobacco, and Patch Boxes: Indices of Gentility.” Colonial Society of Massachusetts. Accessed February 23, 2022. https://www.colonialsociety.org/node/1357. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/77c5f01238121ce55273ecddfedaa005.jpeg cbe4a59d6b46169f1b7b73b284d4f7d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sea Captains Carousing in Surinam, 1758 Painting by John Greenwood Subject The topic of the resource This is a painting of the era depicting young men smoking, drinking, and socializing. This represents the socialization aspect of smoking, as it could bring people together. In addition, its association with drinking and other vices explains the Puritan disapproval of smoking. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Siefke Estill, Madeline. “Colonial New England Silver Snuff, Tobacco, and Patch Boxes: Indices of Gentility.” Colonial Society of Massachusetts. Accessed February 23, 2022. https://www.colonialsociety.org/node/1357. Archaeological Find Object Name White Clay Pipe Bowl Pieces Inventory Description 2 pieces of white clay pipe bowl that fit together Peabody Number 2021.6.28 Culture/Period 1700-1790 Intrasite H972 Level 3 Depth 20-22cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe Bowl Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.3 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 Notes These two pieces form a pipe bowl; the dimensions of the larger piece were taken. Century 18th Century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Clay Pipe Bowl Pieces Subject The topic of the resource A tobacco pipe is kept hidden not-too-well for ease of access within the drawers of a 18th century Harvard student, along with a box of tobacco, and a. This white clay tobacco pipe is a symbol of leisure, vice, and medicine. Originally introduced by Native Americans to English colonists, over the 15th-18th centuries, smoking became a popular past time, opportunity for socialization, and medicinal treatment (“History of Tobacco Use in America.”). The earliest forms of tobacco pipes were made with red clay native to North America, but as trade routes became more sophisticated, white clay pipes imported from Europe became predominant to the New England area (Hume 1969). This white clay bowl found at Harvard Yard likely came from the 18th century according to Hume’s typology of pipe bowls. It is interesting that so many pieces of pipe like this are found in Harvard Yard, for at the time, smoking was prohibited at Harvard, as it was deemed a useless vice and a sign of over-indulgence by Puritan standards. However, this didn’t stop Harvard students from partaking in smoking. Since clay pipes and tobacco were relatively cheap by the 18th century, smoking was an activity that was widely available to nearly all social classes (Hume 1969). Perhaps smoking provided an opportunity for lower-class students to mingle and interact with wealthy students. Smoking could likely then be an activity that bonded students together through rule-breaking and the breaking of social barriers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Beer and Some Tobacco.” Peabody Museum. Accessed February 23, 2022. https://www.peabody.dev.fas.harvard.edu/node/2009. “History of Tobacco Use in America.” Swedish. Accessed February 23, 2022. https://www.swedish.org/classes-and-resources/smoking-cessation/history-of-tobacco-use-in-america. Hume, Ivor Noël. “Hunting for a Little Ladle, Tobacco Pipes.” Hunting for a Little Ladle: Tobacco Pipes | The Colonial Williamsburg Official History & Citizenship Site, 2002. https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/Foundation/journal/Winter03-04/pipes.cfm. Hume, Ivor Noel. “Tobacco Pipes and Smoking Equipment.” Chapter. In A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America, 296–312. Vintage Books, 1969. Siefke Estill, Madeline. “Colonial New England Silver Snuff, Tobacco, and Patch Boxes: Indices of Gentility.” Colonial Society of Massachusetts. Accessed February 23, 2022. https://www.colonialsociety.org/node/1357. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/bee3f199f5abe12ce6a052e66292b6f4.jpg db3e8697c90321bf05ef1b9d722be0f0 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/347ac6f17cda2b2a94d2b49f9850df2e.jpg db3e8697c90321bf05ef1b9d722be0f0 Archaeological Find Object Name MBTA Token Inventory Description A MBTA token coin Peabody Number 2021.6.22 Intrasite H968 Level 1 Class 1 Metal Class 2 Personal Class 3 Coin Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource MBTA Token