24 20 1081 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ade5ab9896ec81321d9d7144b60ec388.JPG a5aed53ff967e50f3f9aaa9a1e912665 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This flint glass fragment is clear, but has a grey tint. The body of the glass is smooth to the touch and has a rounded edge that is often found in tavern glasses, or "thumpers". https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/453b310f0a585b9258e52abd5f032a76.png 1f8a04bd87400a40fa8c4c6ba023d754 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drinking alcohol at the taverns was not suitable behavior for young men at the College in 1799; therefore, the men were forced to pay a fine. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/97c7b36a9d961c6388b459b9e3d97c66.jpg d60ee9a4a36566bbe4fe62457aa78eb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com Title A name given to the resource A picture of a tavern glass, or a "thumper", that could have been used at Bush Tavern. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ac8fa2441dd60178978ee56a0886735e.png 50ac5cd5d05020e8f7b38067952afc63 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In upper left hand corner, the Harvard Rule book of the late 18th century references that students of the College are banned to go to taverns without being accompanied by the President, his parents, or a tutor. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Flint Tavern Glass Fragment Peabody Number 2016.29.152 Intrasite H929 Level 4 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Fragment Class 3 Bottle Quantity 1 Depth 70-85 cm Culture/Period Late 18th Century/Early 19th Century Inventory Description Object is a fragment of a tavern glass. It is clear, but has a grey cast and is smooth to the touch. The rim of its bottle is circular and appears to be a part of a larger drinking vessel. The glass also appears to be uneven, giving clues that it was handblown. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flint Tavern Glass Fragment Subject The topic of the resource Since glassmaking was the first industry in America, glass artifacts are able to reveal many clues about early Americans’ daily lives, social hierarchy, and the beginnings of Harvard. This glass shard was once a part of late 18th century tavern glass, often referred to as a “thumper”. In a 18th century Colonial American tavern, or an “ordinary” as it was referenced in Puritan Massachusetts, the thumper was filled with varying alcohols ranging from beers and ciders to wines and mixed drinks; however, rum was the staple of every tavern since it was a liquor that was unique to the colonies. Although one of the primary functions of the tavern was to carry on the traditions of British drinking, the early taverns surrounding Harvard had stricter practices on drinking and drunkenness was strongly looked down upon with the dominating Puritan culture of the time. Drinking out of this piece of clear flint glass with a grey cast, members of each social and economic class were able to engage in discussion and form a community in a Puritan Massachusetts ordinary, although some communities did not welcome Native Americans or African Americans. The 18th century men of Harvard could often be found at the tavern on Dunster Street discussing politics, their academics, or the latest gossip going around the College. Although it is a small piece of flint glass, this artifact signifies a community formed within an ordinary that was made up of differing social classes and that allowed discussion of politics, society, and travel to prosper. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Daniels, B. C. (2005). Puritans at play: leisure and recreation in colonial New England. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Field, E. (2007). The colonial tavern: a glimpse of New England town life in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Place of publication not identified: Kessinger Publishing. Howe, D. W. (1899). The Puritan republic of the Massachusetts bay in New England. Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill. Struzinski, Steven (2002) " The Tavern in Colonial America," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 1, Article 7. https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:47007688$6i https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:51409343$4i http://www.jeffnholantiquebottles.com/webpages/Item6841.html 18 19 glass Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Folded piece of lead with impressed design Inventory Description Folded piece of lead with impressed design Peabody Number 2025.8.327 Intrasite H987 level 4 Depth 52-59 cmbd Class 1 Metal Class 2 Miscellaneous Class 3 Unidentified Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Folded piece of lead with impressed design https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1ef4deb7ec252e26312f0d1f426f92d2.jpg ce5aa57170b49d023104f3ac718129ab Archaeological Find Object Name Fragments of metal Inventory Description 5 pieces of rusted metal, one of them seeming to be a nail Peabody Number 2021.6.63 Intrasite H968 Level 1 Class 1 Metal Class 2 Miscellaneous Quantity 5 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.2 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.0 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragments of metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a5fb8ff8cdaa02e5ba6a0e1ea796443a.jpg 829624f23eeaca0221cca7821d3d9fc9 Archaeological Find Object Name Frosted aqua glass Inventory Description 11 shards of frosted aqua glass Peabody Number 2021.6.169 Intrasite H968 Level 4 Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Glass Quantity 11 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.8 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.4 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frosted aqua glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d877612428a7d28c0f6b45c9ec40fd77.jpeg f6a450a917af3e60fbc6dc8049958229 Archaeological Find Object Name Frosted colorless flat glass fragments Inventory Description 2 fragments of frosted colorless flat glass, one is slightly more aqua than the other Peabody Number 2021.6.444 Intrasite H974 Level 4 Depth 42-45cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Flat glass Class 3 Colorless flat glass Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.4 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frosted colorless flat glass fragments https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1ecd761556cca5ce2f2c2523a182102d.jpg beb24c1ddb2f984da07b05a6e408f713 Archaeological Find Object Name Frosted flat aqua glass Peabody Number 2021.6.83 Intrasite H968 Level 3 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Flat glass Class 3 Aqua glass Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 5.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frosted flat aqua glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/649efc71d997caedcb380f8a6d15738a.jpg 094c48971e66827bc9b26c936c79aff6 Archaeological Find Object Name Frosted flat glass Inventory Description Shard of flat, frosted glass Peabody Number 2021.6.67 Intrasite H968 Level 2 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Flat glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.8 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.0 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frosted flat glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/419041a8c4f37306bce4bf245c71c6a4.jpg 27936a1ca68360a1254338b241f8c0ec Archaeological Find Object Name Frosted glass shards Peabody Number 2021.6.196 Intrasite H968 Level 4 Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Glass Quantity 12 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.3 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.1 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frosted glass shards https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/444905007ef41f94f71209d3fae80744.jpg 9254a18a1718ca7958cd6352b1be89d2 Archaeological Find Object Name Gap tag Peabody Number 2021.6.443 Intrasite Level 6 H968 Class 1 N/A! Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 5.8 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.7 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gap tag Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Gilt Sleeve Button Inventory Description Gilt Sleeve Button Peabody Number 2025.8.392 Intrasite H981 Lvl 7 Depth 90 - 109 cm bd Class 1 Metal Class 2 Personal Class 3 Button Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object .2 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object .2 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 cm Notes The button was stored in aluminum foil during winter break, and evidently disintegrated in that time. It is unclear what caused this reaction, but the shininess on the foil had completely eroded off. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gilt Sleeve Button Subject The topic of the resource Gilt Sleeve Button https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/226818154e0edfd66f7f3d2c108e182c.jpg f15f2c0272ec47a654bf7a38f64efb97 Archaeological Find Object Name Giraffe decorated transfer print whiteware sherd Inventory Description A small whiteware body sherd that is decorated with small brown dots surrounding a giraffe head. This design is transfer print. Peabody Number 2021.6.343 Intrasite H974 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Whiteware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Giraffe decorated transfer print whiteware sherd https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/be7c5115d438cf512411e049a1bff367.jpeg f565b3b76405d62782097df2d89e0308 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass shard, interior https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/685205611aabf54a18a3c5848495f346.jpeg 164eb40f48bb333086eb6f1be005ff9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass shard, exterior https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/cabcb5fd15fc0b1ee68545b35ca7d687.png c5a9ad5c93a9e8f4ae0751430f338d82 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. 1970. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. [1st ed.]. New York: Knopf. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990012245160203941/catalog. Title A name given to the resource A visual guide to wine bottles of the 18th century. These are much more slender than the "onion bottles" from the 17th century. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/37a84879c03749bc5a43f56394070eda.png 470198e9ec62a7481ea123f279578e3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A popular song from the 1860s describing the drinking culture at Harvard during the colonial period. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1964. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990004943010203941/catalog. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c83ada7c09658c36854dc0e544280192.jpg b25c0204d556fc8ea04569a721ec0117 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived van Giffen, Astrid. "Weathered Archaeological Glass." Accessed 24 February 2024. https://www.cmog.org/article/weathered-archaeological-glass. Title A name given to the resource Glass fragment with patinated surface, a feature caused by the interactions between ions in the glass and moisture in the soil. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2023 Inventory Subject The topic of the resource 2023 Artifact/Item Inventory Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Veronica Peterson Archaeological Find Object Name Glass shard, 18th century wine bottle Inventory Description A shard of olive-colored glass with patina on surface, likely from the neck of an 18th century wine bottle. Peabody Number 2023.11.53 Culture/Period 18th century Intrasite H978 Level 2 Depth 10-20 cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Olive green bottle glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.5 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.6 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass shard, 18th century wine bottle Subject The topic of the resource This fragment of olive green bottle glass was found in Level 2 of Unit H978, along the south wall of Holden Chapel in Harvard Yard. Given its patinated surface and overall thickness, this shard likely originated from a wine bottle, specifically the neck area. A visual guide compiled by Ivor Nöel Hume documents the transition from the round, onion-shaped wine bottles of the 17th century to the more slender wine bottles of the 18th century. Since this fragment has a straight vertical edge, it best matches the examples from the latter century. Drinking was quite common at Harvard Yard during this time, as students began shirking restraints from the Puritan era. Faculty records from President Benjamin Wadsworth’s tenure (1725-1737) contained many instances of “drinking frolicks,” and alcoholic drinks were even concocted within Harvard Yard in the following decades (Morison, 1964). The condition of this glass fragment is further significant, as the crust on its surface points to weathering processes over time. Indeed, the partly-dulled yet partly-iridescent surface is largely a result of ions that leached out of the fragment due to moisture within the soil, as noted by the Corning Museum of Glass. Given these visual and historical cues, this bottle fragment in Harvard Yard can thus be linked to the 18th century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. 1970. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. [1st ed.]. New York: Knopf. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990012245160203941/catalog. Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1964. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990004943010203941/catalog. van Giffen, Astrid. "Weathered Archaeological Glass." Accessed 24 February 2024. https://www.cmog.org/article/weathered-archaeological-glass. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c569a735e2b61f91de8a2dbcd4c0b4b8.jpg 8d77c931ff8e8c6a898717942891ddd9 Archaeological Find Object Name Aqua glass sherd Peabody Number 2021.6.570 Intrasite Level 6 Wall Fall H968 Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass sherd https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0ca2d648ad53ef7142cab053c17304d7.jpeg 5b27b417883ac522ef2d0a4af5eeeb85 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f55564e7af0bed0c9821ab0ac773e5ce.jpeg 8799e097e64ce4311926e90d12b3a5e3 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/167c2f2735b72f3cbe4c127290483501.jpeg e861b9d29783390757b919565004c5a8 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3664baeeca374e58b7c8cbe83eb5e4c0.jpg 676d942b56c4452e140a63433bb1792c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Table Glass Composition: The Harvard Yard stemware fragment is likely the merese, where the stem connects to the bowl. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab. (2018, July 10). Table Glass Composition. Diagnostic artifacts - table glass. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/TableGlass/thumbnails-TableGlassComposition.html https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/856c006b87a00522e947a771c94d0687.png 68c80688340e96c9112b5c23c9c0e912 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The chimney of the New England Glass Company’s facilities was the highest structure in East Cambridge in 1854. It must been a distinguishing point in the Cambridge skyline. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cambridge Historical Commission. (2021, July 14). I. Historic and Architectural Significance of the East Cambridge Neighborhood (07142021). Cambridge, MA. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.cambridgema.gov/-/media/Files/historicalcommission/pdf/ecstudyfiles/ecreportpartidraft07142021.pdf https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d43f2a8ea6c1b52476d137124069ac22.jpg e38b48338f32422a3c3190428a5f10d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Local Wares: The New England Glass Company was in East Cambridge, practically in Harvard’s backyard. Much of Harvard’s glass must have come from this nearby supplier. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived New England Glass Company, “Vase,” Blown, etched, and enameled Pomona glass, 1885-88, 1992.148.3, Met, New York. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/14498?sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=New+England+Glass+Company&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=40&amp;pos=37 Archaeological Find Object Name Glass Stemware Inventory Description Shard of glass stemware Peabody Number 2021.6.5 Intrasite Level 6 Depth 60 cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Fragment Class 3 Stemware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.8 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.8 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass Stemware Subject The topic of the resource Glassware must have played a humble but consistent role in the backdrop of Harvard’s history, with glass tableware facilitating lively discussions over shared meals. The small fragment seen here is a stemware piece from the 17th, 18th, or 19th century Harvard landscape. Perhaps it too sat on a Harvard table, witnessing meals and conversations amongst past Harvard students and teachers. <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; This piece hints at just such a history but reveals little about its own role. The fragment does not have a bowl or base to further identify its use or morphology. The only indication of its use as tableware comes from the stem connection that remains intact (Bickerton 2000:12). Archaeologists can then look to glass types to identify the date and production context of a shard.<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;This stemware fragment is likely soda-lime glass. With the introduction of new production techniques at the end of the 18th century, soda lime glass became one of the most common glass forms, replacing colorless leaded glass for most tableware forms (Jones et al 1985).<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Around the same time, in 1818, the New England Glass Company began production in East Cambridge, practically in Harvard’s backyard. As seen in an 1854 sketch, East Cambridge’s landscape must have been dominated by the facility’s looming chimney, with 19th century Harvard life playing out below (Cambridge Historical Commission, 2021). As an historical item for archaeologists today, an item of everyday use for its contemporaries, and perhaps an economic catalyst in 18th century Cambridge, glass fragments such as this stemware piece contribute important albeit quiet details about early life at Harvard. glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ddbc46088762720448175777bd83fc2f.png 1d8d0224e69091cd151030cda1668e8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass Stemware Fragment from Unit H984 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Skye Lam https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4c88189236b8127c790f240a4af82227.jpg 3647bddd03e08d6a2e55f7ab24aa8086 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Painting by Anne Vallayer-Coster Displaying Crystal Stemware Anne Vallayer-Coster, one of the world’s most renowned still-life painters of the eighteenth century, displays the affluent lifestyle of wealthy Parisians — including a silver verrière filled with crystal stemware. Subject The topic of the resource Anne Vallayer-Coster, one of the world’s most renowned still-life painters of the eighteenth century, displays the affluent lifestyle of wealthy Parisians — including a silver verrière filled with crystal stemware. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Still Life with Mackerel, 1787.” Kimbell Art Museum. Accessed February 24, 2024. https://kimbellart.org/collection/apg-201901. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kimbell Art Museum https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d89c0151ba27ffac917c8a95372aa548.jpg e169bf3b447657d11455b5d2649f64af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Facet-Cut Stem Design with a Hexagonal Fluted Stem (1760 to 1810) In Maryland, archeologists uncovered a colorless stemmed glass with a hexagonal fluted stem, very similar to our fragment. Both pieces have a facet-cut stem design and date from 1760 to 1810. Subject The topic of the resource In Maryland, archeologists uncovered a colorless stemmed glass with a hexagonal fluted stem, very similar to our fragment. Both pieces have a facet-cut stem design and date from 1760 to 1810. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Table Glass Vessel Forms.” Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory. Accessed February 24, 2024. <a href="https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/TableGlass/thumbnails-TableGlassVesselForms.html#FacetedStems">https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/TableGlass/thumbnails-TableGlassVesselForms.html#FacetedStems</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e7bc3d9fae99209946e4ccfd8c27af02.png 2b5fa83f2ae6fa04740990f3c7c7ed07 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Invoice Book Record from John & Thomas Amory Showing "Table Wines Cut Stem" On August 25th, 1783, a record from John & Thomas Amory reveals the purchase of "Table Wines Cut Stem" delivered from England to Boston. One of their primary customers was Harvard. Subject The topic of the resource On August 25th, 1783, a record from John & Thomas Amory reveals the purchase of "Table Wines Cut Stem" delivered from England to Boston. One of their primary customers was Harvard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Invoice Books, Nos. 17-34, 1783 August-October Digital.” Baker Library Special Collections and Archives. Accessed February 24, 2024. https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/2446360. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Baker Library Special Collections and Archives Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2023 Inventory Subject The topic of the resource 2023 Artifact/Item Inventory Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Veronica Peterson Archaeological Find Object Name Glass Stemware Fragment Inventory Description A fragment of the stem of a colorless leaded wine glass. Peabody Number 2023.11.3 Culture/Period 1760-1810 Intrasite H984 Level #1 Depth 0-20 cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Fragment Class 3 Stemware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.7 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.1 Notes The style is a facet-cut stem with a hexagonal shape. Century 18th Century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass Stemware Fragment Subject The topic of the resource After a long day of classes, you eagerly anticipate your next meal at the dining hall. Your parents have just imported fancy glassware from England, adding a touch of elegance that you can now show off to all your classmates. In Harvard Yard, we discovered the following fragment of glass stemware likely belonging to a student in the 18th century. More specifically, the artifact is a facet-cut stem featuring a hexagonal shape, a style that dates from 1760 to 1810 (Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab). The colorless leaded stemmed glass features a series of mold lines that run down the length of the piece, leaving sharp edges and a flawless finish. Considering its level of craftsmanship, the glass stemware symbolizes a high level of sophistication and affluence. For example, a painting by Anne Vallayer-Coster showing the lifestyle of wealthy Parisians prominently features a silver verrière filled with crystal stemware just like ours (Kimbell Art Museum). The facet-cut stem design represented a shift towards a “smaller, lighter, daintier” style of glassware compared to the plain English styles from decades prior (McNally, 1982, 61–62). In fact, sources described facet-cut stems as the height of fashion in the 1780s, coveted by those who could afford it (McNally, 1977, 117–18). For colonial Americans, these imported luxuries were a status symbol, flaunted proudly, especially by students at prestigious institutions like Harvard. But where did these imported goods come from? Using invoice books from John & Thomas Amory, a popular store in Boston for all things imported from England, we discover that they have previously ordered items like “Table Wines Cut Stem” on August 25th, 1783 (Baker Library Special Collections and Archives). That being said, it is likely that one of these companies were responsible for the artifact showing up in Harvard Yard. Reflecting on these pieces from the dining table sheds tremendous light on the economic disparities of Harvard still prevalent in the 18th century, highlighting the privilege of those who could afford such a high-class lifestyle. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Invoice Books, Nos. 17-34, 1783 August-October Digital.” Baker Library Special Collections and Archives. Accessed February 24, 2024. <a href="https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/2446360">https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/2446360</a>.<br /><br />McNally, Paul. “Table Glass From the Fort at Coteau-Du-Lac, Quebec.” History and Archaeology / Histoire et Archéologie 15 (1977): 89–150. <a href="http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/ha/15.pdf">http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/ha/15.pdf</a>.<br /><br />McNally, Paul. “Table Glass in Canada, 1700-1850.” History and Archaeology / Histoire et Archéologie 60 (1982): 1–164. <a href="http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/ha/60.pdf">http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/ha/60.pdf</a>.<br /><br />“Still Life with Mackerel, 1787.” Kimbell Art Museum. Accessed February 24, 2024. <a href="https://kimbellart.org/collection/apg-201901">https://kimbellart.org/collection/apg-201901</a>. <br /><br />“Table Glass Vessel Forms.” Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory. Accessed February 24, 2024. <a href="https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/TableGlass/TableglassVesselForms.html">https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/TableGlass/TableglassVesselForms.html</a>. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Skye Lam https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d127c5dae1453b33aa12392dbff9cb98.jpg c260a5f37084280ae55a02d3554f58c3 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4844e14d66e78a3c1318193003f70b02.jpg 5856d27662f0d6bfe58b0f0341bb80c4 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/fcfd1885688f783c1ea312f3bc133ae7.png f2592878437d1b560c4b4ad3cb6bf458 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5f955853135f2edc88ce643a7e10fbf1.png d2717c152475224cb46d8fc826db78c4 Archaeological Find Object Name Glass Vessel Inventory Description Glass Vessel Peabody Number 2018.24.506 Intrasite H963 Level 3 Depth 70 - 80 cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Aqua Bottle Glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.64 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.64 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.43 Notes It has a pontil mark. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glass Vessel Fragment Subject The topic of the resource This glass fragment was from what seems to be the bottom of a medicine glass. This bottle from the shape, pontil mark, and depth of discovery seems to be from late 17th or early 18th century. It seems to be a medicine bottle due to the size, shape, and slight green hue. The bottle size does not seem to show that it was angular at the top. The size of the bottle indicates that it was not used as a glass but rather as a vessel to store something. This bottle does not seem like it would be ornate or have heavy branding of the vessel. This is why it seems as though the local doctor or pharmacist was using this bottle to sell or give medicine to their patients to keep and store their medicine. At the time, there was not much access to doctors so people would have to live with pain and ailments due to the isolated nature of the early colonial New Englanders which leads people to have to store medicines in these glass bottles to self-treat and diagnose. Health concerns affected people of all social and economic status which is why medicine bottles would be found for most homes. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Source 1: https://sha.org/bottle/medicinal.htm Over the years, medicine bottles changed shapes and colors depending on the branding to the pharmacist. Before the Pure Food and Drug Act, the branding and drug information available was up to the pharmacist. Source 2: http://colonialnorthamerica.library.harvard.edu/spotlight/cna/feature/medicine-in-colonial-north-america Doctors in early colonial North America were also businessmen. Selling these medicines and their bottles was very important due to how isolated people tended to be. Source 3: Noël Hume, Ivor. Historical Archaeology. 1st Ed.] ed. New York: Knopf : Distributed by Random House, 1969. Medicine bottles over time have changed in shape and form. In the early seventeenth century, medicine bottles were often made in England. As time went on, the bottles became more angular. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/93fc0024c3c4ec1e9b3f7cd130db48a7.jpg 46721a1ff25acda64a5bdd4d2baa3505 Archaeological Find Object Name Glazed architectural pipe? Ceramic sewer pipe? Inventory Description Shiny, dark grey glazed; dark-bodied and unrefined clay. possible rim fragment of an architectural pipe? Peabody Number 2021.6.106 Intrasite H970 L1 Depth 0-3cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Architectural fragment Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.9 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glazed architectural pipe? https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9cac0f99bc42de2d6de0f4858db1d63f.png adaa95350ebc2f62808f8ff44d63a6bc https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3e66c6de93905169b5cb448aa334faea.png 91cf22b7397d44460443c2dabbeed9ad https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/51895936d1c6235f8fd71d9147f7784d.png deba2ff7895cc97e2a392f341112da47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brickmakers had to tread through the clay to mix it before using standardized molds to create the bricks (How to Make Bricks). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Center for Traditional Craft to Make Savannah Grey Bricks with Historic Homeowners Academy.” 2016. Savannah Technical College. September 29. https://www.savannahtech.edu/center-traditional-craft-make-savannah-grey-bricks-historic-homeowners-academy/. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/058e6fd2d956c4cdae7b47ee7292ceed.png 4aba81c3840fc5f13a1dc1a8b76d07f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This image shows a team loading wood into a brick clamp at Colonial Williamsburg. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Making, Baking, and Laying Bricks.” 2019. Accessed April 25. http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter05-06/bricks.cfm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2019 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Glazed brick fragment Inventory Description Glazed brick fragment Peabody Number 2018.24.223 Intrasite H962 Level 1 Depth 50.0-59.0cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Brick Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 5.5cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 4.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 3.1 Notes Exterior of brick is glazed brown-green. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glazed brick fragment Subject The topic of the resource Most colonial-era bricks were manufactured at the sites where they were used, although some were transported from England as ballast (Hume 1962, 82). Massachusetts regulations on brick production from 1670 and 1711 suggest that the industry was established early on (Carroll 1976). Bricks were typically produced in ovens called clamps, where uneven heat caused different brick qualities (Harris 1723, How To 2019). Richard Neve wrote in 1736 that “The first and best sort for lasting are those which lie next the Fire, and have as it were, a Gloss on them, which proceeds from the Salt-petre inherent in them, which by the Violence of the Fire, runs and glazes them; these are called Clinkers” (Hume 1969, 81; Neve 1736, 74). These might have served a decorative purpose (Pyska 2017). Although some scholars insist clinkers were discarded (Akthar 2013), Neve’s account and other contemporary descriptions that state clinkers were “used in architecture” (Harris 1723) suggest that these bricks were utilized. This specimen displays clinkers’ characteristic glossy exterior and dark body (Balme 2009, 378). Since clinkers were “eliminated” as production improved in the late 19th century (Akthar 2013, 3) and this artifact was discovered alongside a 17th century roof tile in Level 1, which suggests mixing occurred, it is likely that the brick dates to an earlier period. It may have adorned Harvard’s Indian College or the chimney of the 17th century Old College building (Davis 1890, 16), for which a foundation trench was discovered nearby. Alternatively, it might date to a later structure, like the old Harvard Hall building, which burnt down in 1764 (Saved 2001). Description An account of the resource Supporting Sources: This video from Colonial Williamsburg provides a brief description of brick production: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUtEcVxaXXQ This is a very similar artifact that was excavated in New York. Like the HYAP brick, it displays glazing on three sides: http://archaeology.cityofnewyork.us/collection/search/south-ferry-terminal-104404-brick-fragment/keyword/vitrified%20brick You might also be interested in: Omeka #901: Brick Fragment This brick fragment is uneven and displays dark patches along the edge. This suggests that it might also be a partially vitrified clinker. Omeka #859: Plinth Squint Like clinkers, plinth squints were a special kind of decorative brick. Plinth squints were uncovered from the excavations of Harvard’s Indian College. Omeka #1474: Large Fragment of a Curved Roof Tile Roof tiles, like clinker bricks, may have served a decorative and ostentatious purpose. These roof tiles can be clearly linked to Harvard’s Old College, which might also be the source of the clinker brick. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Akhtar, Alafia. 2013. “One Man’s Trash Is Another Man’s Treasure: The Transition of Clinker Brick from Disposable to Decorative.” Columbia University. doi:10.7916/D8HX1C1C. Balme, Jane, and Alistair Paterson. 2009. Archaeology in Practice: A Student Guide to Archaeological Analyses. John Wiley & Sons. Carroll, Orville W. 1976. “Early Brick Laws in Massachusetts.” Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology 8 (2): 20–23. doi:10.2307/1493512. Davis, Andrew McFarland. 1890. The Early College Buildings at Cambridge. Worcester [Mass.]: C. Hamilton. http://tinyurl.galegroup.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/tinyurl/9rmU81. “How to Make Bricks for a 17th-Century Tower - YouTube.” 2019. Accessed April 25. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUtEcVxaXXQ. Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Harris, John. Lexicon Technicum: Or, an Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Explaining Not Only the Terms of Art, but the Arts Themselves. Vol.II. By John Harris, D.D. Late Secretary to the Royal Society, and Chaplain to the Lord High-Chancellor of Great Britain. 1723. The second edition. Vol. Volume 2. 2 vols. London. http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=ECCO&userGroupName=camb55135&tabID=T001&docId=CW3313012729&type=multipage&contentSet=ECCOArticles&version=1.0&docLevel=FASCIMILE. Neve, Richard. 1736. The City and Country Purchaser’s and Builder’s Dictionary. The third edition, Corrected and improved throughout. London. http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=ECCO&userGroupName=camb55135&tabID=T001&docId=CW3308483188&type=multipage&contentSet=ECCOArticles&version=1.0&docLevel=FASCIMILE. Pyszka, Kimberly. 2017. “Anglican Church Architecture and Religious Identity in Early Colonial South Carolina.” Material Culture; University Center. “Saved from the Flames.” 2001. Harvard Magazine. May 1. https://harvardmagazine.com/2001/05/saved-from-the-flames.html. Schmidheiny, Martin John. 2014. “Seeing Red: Characterizing Historic Bricks at Sylvester Manor, Shelter Island, New York 1652-1735.” M.A., United States -- Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Boston. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1650693349/abstract/90CE7DD69A234405PQ/1. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1ee8da3ab96117ef3507aea229e314a9.jpg 0c69cbd14da35359ddea77d4dd327247 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0f0d45924c173b75d9ca83417dd67029.jpg c1d5712b53ed2abb10016b0ff2ac3e7c https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/179753080deeee6d4be6b25a38a02872.jpg cee280919de7cf68f20970718432632f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2023 Inventory Subject The topic of the resource 2023 Artifact/Item Inventory Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Veronica Peterson Archaeological Find Object Name Glazed Earthenware Fragment Inventory Description Small flake of white earthenware with blue patterning Peabody Number 2023.11.5 Intrasite H979 Level 4 Depth 21-31 cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.8 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 Notes <a href="https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/4/resources/4394">Record of Harvard Buildings</a> to determine which building layer the sherd may have come from. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glazed Earthenware Fragment Subject The topic of the resource Since this flake is small, it is hard to tell what kind of ceramic it is. Given the tan paste, clear glaze, and hand-painted blue designs, it seems to be creamware with underglaze painting. If that is true, this piece can be dated to the 1770s at the earliest, but more likely the 1780s (Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland n.d.). The blue-on-white patterning imitates Chinese porcelain, which was imported from China, as Western potters had not yet reverse-engineered porcelain. This creamware was a cheap way to mimic these designs, suitable for heavier usage, and affordable enough for students to own. Though it is likely that the sherd is creamware, there are also signs pointing to it being tin-glazed earthenware. The sherd is thin with a rough back. This is a flake that has fallen off a larger piece, not a complete cross-section of the vessel. This and its hand-painted cobalt blue designs point to it being tin-glazed earthenware (Peterson, Capone, and Loren n.d.). This suggests that the sherd came from a valuable object belonging to a higher-class person. One of those high-class people, Judge Samuel Sewall, mentions many objects in his orders from London, but not ceramics (Cooke Jr. n.d.). Most people used locally-made lead-glazed earthenwares for everyday use, as determined by archaeological evidence (Cooke Jr. n.d.). More valuable items were made of tin-glazed earthenware, which in 1719 had to be imported from London, but they would be used less frequently than local pieces (Cooke Jr. n.d.). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <br /><a href="https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Tin-glazed.html">Tin-Glazed Earthenware</a><br /><br /><a href="https://apps.jefpat.maryland.gov/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Creamware.html">Creamware</a><br /><br />Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland reference site. These pages helped in identifying different styles of earthenware that the sherd could be. Photo is of a creamware teapot with blue underglaze painting. 17th and 18th c. Ceramics slideshow from Anthro 1130 resources. This slideshow from class last semester also helps in identifying different types of earthenware. <a href="https://www.colonialsociety.org/publications/3297/newest-fashion-case-furniture-boston-1690-1725-transatlantic-view ">“Newest Fashion” Case Furniture in Boston, 1690–1725: A Transatlantic View</a><br /><br />This narrative using Sewall’s letters showcases the relatively low value of ceramics as compared to other materials such as silver. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name Gray Salt-glazed stoneware Inventory Description Gray Salt-glazed stoneware Peabody Number 2025.8.433 Intrasite H981 Depth 90 - 109 CM BD Class 1 Ceramic Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object .9 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .4 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gray Salt-glazed stoneware Subject The topic of the resource Gray Salt-glazed stoneware