2 20 1145 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8e465e7764f51ed4e0e81948f8a015f2.jpg 89715562c969139c12781ecc07da004b https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/629f29f425bbedaa4c17aa55b4b17f39.jpg e0282e44fbd07771852c4f88ebc708a7 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dfbb9911905487c5200a7bad69255920.jpg ef74715f429a24a5a8b867d88c4d414c https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c8bb9de5c0d70c0f32a7b0b5053e7d83.jpg 39998342b007fef814eeea9f3d9c6915 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English delftware plate from the turn of the 17th-18th century, made from red earthenware with a tin-glaze overlaid, and a blue floral leaf border surrounding flowers under an umbrella-like tree. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Historic New England. 2017. “Collections Access Database-Delftware Plate, Accession Number 1963.332.” Historic New England website. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/40329/ . Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/40329/ https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/311865eab20b7b1e763a197b4ab34fc9.jpg 5afa2e383233edc7f5ba9863170413a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Delftware on display in a special corner cabinet of a sitting room, where people would gather to visit. The distinctive manner of display indicates the delftware imbued a special importance. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived General Artemas Ward House Museum. 2017. “First Floor Plan-Sitting Room: Corner Cupboard.” General Artemas Ward House Museum website. Accessed March 25, 2017. http://wardhouse.harvard.edu/galleries/sitting-room. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available http://wardhouse.harvard.edu/galleries/sitting-room https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1719babd21ecb0aa85567a8b334e44d5.png f9bed79417c1b4ee2d4ff6eac6ad12b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First floor plan shows the location of the sitting room, near the front door, where guests could visit and likely notice the delftware distinctively on display in the corner cabinet. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived General Artemas Ward House Museum. 2017a. “First Floor Plan.” General Artemas Ward House Museum website. Accessed March 29, 2017. http://wardhouse.harvard.edu/virtual-tour. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available http://wardhouse.harvard.edu/virtual-tour Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Delftware Charger Peabody Number 2016.29.660 Intrasite H942 Level 4 Depth 70-80cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Tin-glazed/Delftware Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Delftware Charger Subject The topic of the resource Who would think that a sherd excavated from Harvard Yard could reveal a legacy of England’s social structure renewing itself in Colonial America? Upon initial examination, the white tin-glaze with artistic blue design indicates this redware sherd is hardly ordinary. This white surface painted with a nature design and leaf hatching was intended to mimic Chinese porcelain, which was highly desired by Englishmen (Jefferson Patterson 2017; Hume 1969, 111). This more expensive glazing and design process, known as delftware, was frequently produced in England during the 17th and 18th centuries (Jefferson Patterson 2017). In the later 1600s, Americans sought more refined trade goods from England, including delftware (Deetz 1977, 79). The role of delftware in Colonial culture reflected its origins from the English culture, being revered as an item of sophisticated social distinction (Deetz 1977, 76). As such, delftware was often on display, similar to the pictures of the corner cupboard in a sitting room, reserved only for use at special occasions or hopefully admired by visiting guests (Deetz 1977, 83). Based on the flat shape of this sherd, and foot ring bump on the backside, possibly this sherd was from a plate or platter, such as the delftware plate picture, and likely acquired in late 17th century trade with England. This display of status would have been important to Harvard in the early 1700s to coincide with a revitalization in leadership and enrollment from its faltering years in the latter 1600s (Morison 1986, 54, 56, and 59). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deetz, James. In Small Things Forgotten. New York: Anchor Books Publishing, 1977. General Artemas Ward House Museum. 2017. “First Floor Plan-Sitting Room: Corner Cupboard.” General Artemas Ward House Museum website. Accessed March 25, 2017. http://wardhouse.harvard.edu/galleries/sitting-room. General Artemas Ward House Museum. 2017a. “First Floor Plan.” General Artemas Ward House Museum website. Accessed March 29, 2017. http://wardhouse.harvard.edu/virtual-tour. Historic New England. 2017. “Collections Access Database-Delftware Plate, Accession Number 1963.332.” Historic New England website. Accessed March 25, 2017. https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/40329/ . Hume, Ivor N. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969. Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum. 2017. “Tin-glazed Colonial Ceramics.” Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland website. Accessed March 25, 2017. http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Tin-glazed.html . Morison, Samuel E. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. 17 18 ceramic https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8e3424edfeaf102143d2639e0cc41939.JPG 484e515879a61b69323522162af1a670 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image of curved roof tile excavated from unit H931, Level 5, depth of 88-90cm. Found near the center of the unit near concentration/arrangement of brick, slate, and other roof tile. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph of object taken by Gemma Collins. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/82a31c3a122331711fa8737d9622383c.JPG 3b8cf0b6bc496866f8cf60c133621d1d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Profile view of roof tile, showing curvature and clay inclusions. This tile was unlike other popular, flat tiles, giving the Harvard building it roofed a unique visual appeal (Hume 1970, 294). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph of object taken by Gemma Collins. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/07e5f37c8f6e2d558100b9f4383014c4.png 1f3f314f69e371ec80f14e6ae8fa830b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Figures a, c, d, and e show how curved tiles were used. Often called ridge tiles, they protected the junction where roof slopes met (Grimmer 1992). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Davis, Charles Thomas. 1884. A Practical Treatise on The Manufacture of Brick, Tiles, Terra Cotta, Etc. Philadelphia: Henry Carey Baird & Co. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9bce6b6665724af3a81b8e8fa3a86232.png 4b3f92e99409b70413c4718d04e6937e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harvard Yard in 1668, looking south. First Harvard Hall is in center foreground. Shows Harvard and Cambridge buildings in 17th century, with some detail of supposedly tiled roofs. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bail, Hamilton Vaughan. 1949. Views of Harvard a pictorial record to 1860. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Page 8. Harvard University. 1949. Education, Bricks and Mortar: Harvard Buildings and Their Contribution to the Advancement of Learning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Page 10. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1a1f6a7defa3ac7de2678deaae158907.png c45b5460503c20110b2e4ddf4f78cc1b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1726 view of Harvard. From left to right: Harvard Hall, Stoughton Hall, Massachusetts Hall (Deák 1988, 49). Believed to be “earliest authentic view of the College” (Bail 1949, 17). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Burgis, William. 1726. “A Prospect of the Colledges in Cambridge in New England.” Engraving attributed to and accessed from Massachusetts Historical Society. Accessed April 1, 2017. http://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=429&pid=15. Deák, Gloria Gilda. 1988. Picturing America, 1497-1899. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f669d05c1fb7b04dd22267af9dbbf1a7.png acdb3fe6c929ee65aa69a523140ea478 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Harvard College, 1650-1700. Supports hypothesis that this tile likely came from Old College and was part of its structure as “a splendid collegiate building” (Shand-Tucci 2001, 4). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Peabody Museum. “Indian College.” Harvard Peabody Museum. Accessed April 2, 2017. https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2011. Shand-Tucci, Douglass, Richard Cheek, and Neil L. Rudenstine. 2001. Harvard University: An Architectural Tour. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Large Fragment of a Curved Roof Tile Inventory Description Curved roof tile; terracotta, red clay; likely from 17th century Peabody Number 2016.29.191 Culture/Period 17th century Intrasite H931 Level 5 Depth 88-90cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Ceramic Class 3 Roof tile Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 16.0 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 8.6 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Large Fragment of a Curved Roof Tile Subject The topic of the resource Roof tiles, as preservers of structures and “buffers against the weather,” were necessary architectural components of Harvard’s early buildings (Sweetser 1978). Such buildings enabled Harvard to continue its educational mission. One of Harvard’s first structures was the Old College built in 1638 (Shand-Tucci 2001, 33; Bunting 1998, 5; Morison 1935, 191). Archival evidence describes it as the “largest and most imposing building by far in the English colonies” and “too gorgeous for a wilderness” (in Shand-Tucci 2001, 5). Although clay roof tiling was common from mid-seventeenth century, curved roof tiles are rare in the archaeological record of colonial New England (Hume 1970, 294). It can be assumed, therefore, that this roof tile’s place on an early Harvard building contributed to the perception of these buildings as one-of-a-kind and elaborate. Buildings in the seventeenth century, just like today, could set an immediate impression and were markers of purpose, status, and economic standing. This roof tile also contributes to a narrative of financial turmoil at Harvard: after all, materials and money for constructions were “scraped together in small donations” (Bunting 1998, 6). Local colonists with skills and trades donating resources (perhaps roof tiles) to pay for their sons’ educations (Morison 1936). The body of the building itself was likely constructed of wood, which under the weight of tiles, quickly led to it falling into disrepair (Cummings 1979, 49; Upton 1986, 359; Bunting 1998, 11). This further reinforces how at early Harvard, the showiness and flair of the buildings was an utmost priority in increasing social perceptions of the new college. Buildings that drew attention and legitimized the college helped the college to recover financially and encouraged new donations and new students to attend. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bail, Hamilton Vaughan. 1949. Views of Harvard a pictorial record to 1860. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bunting, Bainbridge, and Margaret Henderson-Floyd. 1998. Harvard: An Architectural History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Burgis, William. 1726. “A Prospect of the Colledges in Cambridge in New England.” Engraving attributed to and accessed from Massachusetts Historical Society. Accessed April 1, 2017. http://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=429&pid=15. Cummings, Abbott Lowell. 1979. The Framed Houses of Massachusetts Bay, 1625-1725. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Davis, Charles Thomas. 1884. A Practical Treatise on The Manufacture of Brick, Tiles, Terra Cotta, Etc. Philadelphia: Henry Carey Baird & Co. Deák, Gloria Gilda. 1988. Picturing America, 1497-1899. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Grimmer, Anne E., and Paul K. Williams. September 1992. "The Preservation and Repair of Historic Clay Tile Roofs." National Parks Service. Accessed April 01, 2017. https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/30-clay-tile-roofs.htm. Harvard University. 1949. Education, Bricks and Mortar: Harvard Buildings and Their Contribution to the Advancement of Learning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hume, Ivor Noël. 1970. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf. Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1935. The Founding of Harvard College. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Peabody Museum. “Indian College.” Harvard Peabody Museum. Accessed April 2, 2017. https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2011. Shand-Tucci, Douglass, Richard Cheek, and Neil L. Rudenstine. 2001. Harvard University: An Architectural Tour. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Sweetser, Sarah M. February 1978. "Roofing for Historic Buildings." National Parks Service. Accessed April 01, 2017. https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/4-roofing.htm. Upton, Dell. 1986. Common places: readings in American vernacular architecture. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. 17 ceramic https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ac17326ab2fd27a7ac5019d47e33247e.png ca7af0b1d65528e7d970a3077f1ee965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blue Hand-painted Shell-edged Pearlware Plate Sherd https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e6c48e2daddab897e13d0856275a1b4e.png 35f88ffcb4e972b99976ba3da21d0ad0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This painting depicts New Englanders of the colonial era sitting down to dine. One can observe from the photo that the plates being used have a colored rim with a white center; this is typical of shell-edged pearlware. One can gather that they were of a higher socioeconomic class, given that they have servants waiting on them in this scene. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.history.org/almanack/life/manners/rules2.cfm Modified - red circle drawn around the plate that the servant is placing on the table. This modification was made to draw attention to the detail. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b2c4087150d5ab28d302a422817bfd95.jpg bcd8b1fa35bcea2893e084a814fc1b56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The painting displays an elaborately set table that would be typical of an upperclass home in the late 18th century. The plates displayed are made of fine porcelain China, a style that pearlware was made to replicate. The ornamentation of the scene signifies wealth and high standing within society. It is fitting, then, that wealthy students at Harvard would want to display their families' fortunes by bringing such dining ware with them to school. Even if their plates were not made of porcelain themselves, they were made of the next best thing. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmp/cmag/bk_issue/1996/sepoct/feat5.htm https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/2cdb1c639851f1fa8621cf588953b682.jpg 83c5d33cf42fd447a478640f66919f68 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This is a reconstructed shell-edged pearlware plate; it can give us a good idea of what the plate that the sherd came from looked like. Pearlware was relatively inexpensive and more closely resembled Chinese porcelain than its predessesor, creamware. Despite its relative inexpensiveness, it makes sense that wealthy students would have utilized it at the college. Their families would not have given them their Fine China to dine with, but would have readily supplied them with this marker of status, which the families of poorer students would not have been able to afford. There would be no archaeological record of the wooden troughs that these poorer students would have eaten from, as the wood would have disintegrated over these past 200+ years. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://nmscarcheologylab.wordpress.com/2011/07/01/party-like-its-1776-a-look-at-eighteenth-century-ceramics/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Blue Hand-painted Shell-edged Pearlware Plate Sherd Inventory Description Blue Hand-painted Shell-edged plate sherd Peabody Number 2016.29.541 Culture/Period 1780-1840 Intrasite H934 Level 1 Depth 51-62 Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Earthenware Class 3 Pearlware Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 6.1 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.5 Notes Significantly chipped away veneer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blue Hand-painted Shell-edged Pearlware Plate Sherd Subject The topic of the resource Particular ceramic finds can tell us much about what life was like for different kinds of people during the colonial period. This shell-edged sherd can provide distinct insight into the life of the student who might have dined off of it. For instance, one can tell from the blue pools of glaze that are present in the rim of the sherd that this ceramic was intricately hand crafted. Craftsmanship that incorporated a shell-edged design was particularly popular from 1780-1840. Its ornate design was a signifier of some level of material wealth, or at least the appearance thereof, as the objects used to lay a table spoke volumes about the host’s standing in society. Cohorts of wealthier students at Harvard during the late 1700’s may have held elaborate dinner parties, particularly members of the notable Porcellian and Hasty Pudding Clubs, whose names derived from the dishes that would be served at weekly meals (namely pork and hasty pudding, respectively). The importance of signifying class status shows that wealth inequality was endemic at Harvard during the 18th century, which makes sense given Harvard’s Puritan origins. Wealth was seen as a marker of hard work, a Puritan virtue that was passed down even as Puritan ideals of modesty went out of fashion. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Diagnostic Artifacts." Diagnostic Artifacts. 2003. Accessed April 03, 2017. http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/post-colonial%20ceramics/shell%20edged%20wares/Shell%20Edged%20Wares%20Main.htm. "At Table: High Style in the 18th Century." Carnegiemuseums.org. Accessed April 03, 2017. http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmp/cmag/bk_issue/1996/sepoct/feat5.htm. Calnek, Anthony. The Hasty Pudding Theatre: A History of Harvard's Hairy-Chested Heroines. Milan: A.D.C., 1986. Lockett, Terrence A. "Pearlware: Origins and Types (Part 1)." Pearlware: Origins and Types (Part 1). Accessed April 03, 2017. http://www.thepotteries.org/features/pearlware.htm. "Party like it’s 1776: A Look at Eighteenth-Century Ceramics." NMSC Archeology & Museum Blog. February 10, 2012. Accessed April 03, 2017. https://nmscarcheologylab.wordpress.com/2011/07/01/party-like-its-1776-a-look-at-eighteenth-century-ceramics/. 18 19 ceramic https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ff4951fdb9618a296bd32b623b2bd158.JPG a759443c435cbdd5b8b9adcb6c6c9899 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turquoise Glass Bead. This Class II 2A31 bead was likely made between the mid 17th and 18th centuries in Venice or Amsterdam. It is 0.6 cm in diameter and 0.5cm long. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This photo was taken by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/586707bde5ec9aea4b76997ccf0fbd34.jpg 77667e54296a9ae45f2547853103b4ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kidd Typology. This diagram shows the Kenneth and Martha Kidd Typology used to classify glass beads. The bead found in the Yard appears to be Class II 2A31. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Parks Canada. 2006. “Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History NO. 1.” Parks Canada website, October 24. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/chs/1/chs1-2h.htm. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9263cc128bfd5469808aa484fbf570ec.jpg dd88d24fc8e4f0f8e2d5207350d65fb6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708. This cropped image of the Harvard College Laws of 1655 highlights Rule 7 regarding students’ attire. The rule expressly forbids “Lavish Dresse.” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708.” 1655. Harvard University Archives. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16695055. Image modified by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b0e942dae262a81ea81acf5ac5cb8e69.jpg f0e925de9175ac00de680f58d1c66d58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of John Eliot. This mid 17th century portrait of missionary John Eliot showcases the somber attire favored by Puritans. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “John Eliot.” n.d. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens website. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://emuseum.huntington.org/objects/349/john-eliot?ctx=dd0fdc38-e7e5-49ea-bb4f-967115a2ed5d&idx=0. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7b6c2f21bd46c82f8451da9726a7c409.jpg 2e693b7330996fc5feffddd2b7511e2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Mary Cuthbert. This mid 18th century portrait of Mary Cuthbert shows the changes in style in the 18th century. Note that the sitter appears to be wearing a beaded necklace. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theus, Jeremiah. 1765. “Mary Cuthbert.” National Gallery of Art website. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/art-object-page.50306.html. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Turquoise Glass Bead Inventory Description Class II 2A31; small drawn tubular turquoise glass bead Culture/Period Mid 17th - 18th century Intrasite H931 Feature Level 1 Depth 66-76cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bead Class 3 Tubular bead Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.6 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.5 Peabody Number 2016.29.1635 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turquoise Glass Bead Subject The topic of the resource This turquoise glass bead, a Class II 2A31, traveled all the way from Venice or Amsterdam sometime between the mid-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Parks Canada 2006; Hume 1969, 53). After traveling thousands of miles, the bead was likely part of a piece of jewelry worn by a colonist until it fell off in the Yard. Many historians and archaeologists focus on the role of glass beads as objects for trade with local Native American populations (Hume 1969, 53). However, the presence of this bead in the Yard suggests that it was more likely used by a colonist. The transition from the 17th to 18th centuries was an interesting time for personal adornment in the colonies. During the 17th century, sumptuary laws both in Massachusetts Bay Colony and at Harvard College restricted colonists to relatively plain and somber attire (Loren 2016, 144). The Harvard College Laws of 1655 expressly stated, “Nor shall any wear Gold, or Silver or such ornaments” (“The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708” 1655, 3). While this glass bead is not made of gold or silver, it was likely part of a piece of jewelry that would have been too flashy by strict Puritan standards. However, during the 18th century, as religious views became more liberal, sumptuary laws fell out of favor, and people began to adopt more lavish styles of dress. This bright turquoise bead is likely representative of this transition when colonists began to embrace frivolity. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Loren, Diana Di Paolo. 2016. “Bodily Protection: Dress, Health, and Anxiety in Colonial New England.” In The Archaeology of Anxiety: The Materiality of Anxiousness, Worry, and Fear, edited by Jeffrey Fleisher and Neil Norman, 141-156. Springer: New York. Parks Canada. 2006. “Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History NO. 1.” Parks Canada website, October 24. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/chs/1/chs1-2h.htm. “The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708.” 1655. Harvard University Archives. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:16695055. 17 18 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d06dc610a802db46364030d8fed21739.jpg ab02b537ba46e397a504a223a20fdfe5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Side view of bottle fragment Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Original Photograph by Charles Michael Description An account of the resource Looking from this view, the embossed letters " 'S INK " are clearly visible on the side of the bottle. The entire bottle would have had "CARTER'S INK" embossed on the side. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a424632278d16564b26d2bbcd7c67974.jpg f3ff31b5b96f908381f532bcf545d654 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Top-down photograph of Carter's Ink Bottle fragments Subject The topic of the resource The perfect circular shape of the bottle base, as well as the uniform thickness of the bottle's side walls indicate that this bottle was manufactured towards the later part of the 19th century, as glassmaking technologies had significantly improved then. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Original Photograph by Charles Michael https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/be6ebeca9fcebab74fb3d9fe3b7742bb.jpg 775aa777f8646c74efb6864ea1bb752d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carter's Ink Company Advertisement Subject The topic of the resource Ad depicting Carter's factory at 245 First Street in Cambridge, MA. "Largest American Manufacturer of Writing Inks and Adhesives," indicates its dominance and thus its presence on the Harvard campus. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Carter's Ink Ad” n.d. The Cambridge Historical Society website. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://www.cambridgehistory.org/discover/industry/images/carters_ink_ad.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c5b631ab4230eb2a3a344410cb73f211.jpg 15a97953a96ad71c993cbf3eab155bb6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1875 to 1885-era Carter's Bulk Ink Bottle Subject The topic of the resource This photo shows a variation of a Carter's Ink bulk ink bottle. Like the bottle fragments found in Unit H932 of HYAP, this exhibits a bright blue color. The bright blue color was likely chosen to attract attention for marketing purposes. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Society for Historical Archaeology. "Ink Bottles (Bulk Sizes." Accessed April 5, 2017. https://sha.org/bottle/household.htm#Ink%20Bottles https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c9d8674ad20c08494fab94e8f1053312.jpg 072bc10922927c8dbf99ae395a9bee09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cone shaped ink bottles from the 1880-1910 era Description An account of the resource Small conical ink bottles could be commonly seen on Harvard students desks. They were used to fill pens, and were refilled using bulk bottles. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Society for Historical Archaeology. "Ink Bottles (Small)" Accessed April 4, 2017. https://sha.org/bottle/household.htm#Cylindrical https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b9f63ce72ed9f43740e34b4e5aed5ec7.jpg b1228358cb9182e2102831d1c7cc59b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carter's Ink Company Building Today Description An account of the resource Today, the former Carter's Ink factory has been adaptively repurposed into the headquarters of ViaCell, a biotech company. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Photograph by Tim Pierce on Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carter%27s_Ink_Company.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dd76255d4eb10595d2d17110cb23c5ac.jpg 5b9cb7d0da8f0f689b598813ea43b48d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Cambridge, showing location of Carter's Ink Factory Description An account of the resource Google Map screenshot showing the location of the Carter's Ink factory within Cambridge, Massachusetts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Google Maps screenshot captured by Charlie Michael Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Carter's Ink Aqua Bottle Fragment Intrasite H932 Level 2 Depth 67-96 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Aqua Bottle Glass Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 5.9cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 5.1cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 5.1cm Inventory Description Base fragment of an aqua bulk ink bottle. Side is embossed 'S INK. It is presumed that the complete bottle would have had CARTER'S INK embossed on the side. Bottle would have been used to store ink for refilling smaller inkwells. Culture/Period Late 1800s to Early 1900s Peabody Number 2016.29.1801 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carter's Ink Bottle Fragment Subject The topic of the resource In our current digital age, it is often easy to forget that there was once a time when and all written materials required ink to bring them to life on paper. That was the world in which Harvard students lived in during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when this ink bottle was manufactured. Harvard students’ demand for papers and inks would have been extremely high, despite the school's reputation as “ ‘the hardest college to get into and the easiest to stay in’.“ (Morison 1935, 369) Towards the end of the 19th century, Harvard underwent a remarkably rapid expansion under the leadership of President Eliot, which would have caused significant rise in materials for academics demanded by the school, including ink (Morison 1935, 373). With a near unquenchable thirst for inks with which to write, how would Harvard students and faculty fulfill their needs? It just so happened, however, that the self-proclaimed world’s largest ink manufacturer lay just a stone’s throw away at what is now 245 First St. in Cambridge, having just moved from Boston due to a need for expansion. (Faulkner 2003, 42). Carter’s ink produced a wide variety of ink products, ranging from small fountain pen inkwells to the larger cylindrical master ink bottle that is displayed here. Ink was never used straight out of master bottles, as it was transferred to smaller, more convenient inkwells first. These bulk bottles would have been ubiquitous around Harvard, and would have been used by both students and faculty to refill their inkwells. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Morison, Samuel E. 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Faulkner, Ed, and Faulkner, Lucy. 2003. "Let's Talk About Ink." In Bottles and Extras. The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors. Accessed April 1, 2017. http://www.fohbc.com/PDF_Files/Ink_Sp2003.pdf Cambridge Historical Society. 2012. "Industry in Cambridge: Carter's Ink." Cambridge Historical Society Website. Accessed April 5, 2017. http://www.cambridgehistory.org/discover/industry/cartersink.html Society for Historical Archaeology. 2016. "Ink Bottles (Bulk Sizes)." Accessed April 5, 2017. https://sha.org/bottle/household.htm#Ink%20Bottles Antique Bottle Collectors' Haven. "Antique Ink Bottles" Accessed April 5, 2017. http://www.antiquebottles.com/ink/ 19 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0053d766156ffa6e605523343e8c8e09.jpg dcaaea32379721799ebe45d56ce0bf1d https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d2e840adc22f07d2271b3401984feaaf.jpg 104e59f346f00c63163515e8f9d8972e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engraving of the New England Glass Company, 1851. A passer-by in the mid-19th century remarked on the imposing presence of the Glass Company, saying the chimney reached an "astounding height, exceeding that of the Bunker Hill Monument." Citation: Toledo Museum of Art 1963 The New England Glass Company, 1818-1888. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. Accessed April 4, 2017. Pp. 8-9. https://archive.org/details/newenglandglassc00tole https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f2eef073c284eb67aa0df7e75c07774f.jpg d67d1614b5175e367ac3e9bf85bff49c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The New England Glass Company's Showroom. Here, one can see the extent of the Glass Company's decorative offerings. They also made items for commercial and domestic use. Citation: Toledo Museum of Art 1963 The New England Glass Company, 1818-1888. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. Accessed April 4, 2017. P. 6. https://archive.org/details/newenglandglassc00tole https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c4b46bfb13c6371b66cfbe780a97e8a1.jpg 75fd940871a2bbdf632923dd3080abc0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The New England Glass Company Furnaces. This depiction of the furnaces at the New England Glass Company relays the size of the factory. It was the top employer in Cambridge in 1845 and 1855. Citations: Cambridge Historical Society. 1997 Cambridge on the Cutting Edge. Cambridge Historical Society, Cambridge. Accessed April 4, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20101211113328/http://cambridgehistory.org/NE_Glass_history.htm Toledo Museum of Art 1963 The New England Glass Company, 1818-1888. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. Accessed April 4, 2017. https://archive.org/details/newenglandglassc00tole https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a82849722123347eb11aa70d251e1c32.png 0a925e545d0edf78508e1b186ceabcf0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pressed Glass Dish from The New England Glass Company. One can see the beauty of pressed glass. It was not ideal for bottles, however, because the plunger pressing the glass against the mold could not reach the top of the bottle. Most pressed glass objects were more open and thicker than mold-blown bottles would be. Citation: Toledo Museum of Art 1963 The New England Glass Company, 1818-1888. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. Accessed April 4, 2017. P. 55. https://archive.org/details/newenglandglassc00tole Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name Blue Cambridge Apothecary Bottle Sherd Inventory Description Mold-blown cobalt blue glass, letters on one side as follows: [...]ILE[...] / [...]GGIS[...] / [...]BRIDGE[...]. Concave letters on one side indicate hand-blowing. Peabody Number 2016.29.121 Intrasite H939, Level 1 Depth 45-53cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Blue Bottle Glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.5cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 5.5cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .4cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manufacturing in Cambridge: A Locally-Made Apothecary Bottle? Subject The topic of the resource This brilliant blue glass sherd was part of a bottle of medicine labeled with parts of the words “Druggist” and “Cambridge,” as well as (presumably) the druggist’s name. Only the letters “ILE” are visible on the top line. Cambridge was a manufacturing center in the 19th century, and in particular a leader in the glass industry. One of the top employers was the New England Glass Company, established in 1818 (Cambridge Historical Society). Though most of its production was “flint glass” rather than apothecary bottles such as this one, this company was the site of a critical invention: in 1827, a worker named Robinson invented the “pressing mould,” involved spreading molten glass into a mold with a plunger (Cavanaugh 38). This was the later of two 19th century innovations that made glass production far less expensive. The earlier method was blowing glass into a mold, which was practiced at the factory as early as 1819 (Toledo Museum of Art 18). This method was more appropriate for bottle making. This bottle’s mold would have had four side plates that would butterfly up, and one of these sides would be replaceable with a plate that embossed the desired text. Because of the ease of the interchangeable plate in blowing glass, it is possible that this bottle was not made in Cambridge. However, the presence of one of the east coast’s largest glass factories in the same city as the apothecary hints at the possibility that this blue bottle was molded locally. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliography Cambridge Historical Society. 1997 Cambridge on the Cutting Edge. Cambridge Historical Society, Cambridge. Accessed April 4, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20101211113328/http://cambridgehistory.org/NE_Glass_history.htm Cavanaugh, Doris Hayes 1926 Early Glass Making in East Cambridge. Paper presented at 1926 meeting of the Cambridge Historical Society, pg. 32-45. Electronic document, http://www.cambridgehistory.org/content/early-glass-making-east-cambridge. Accessed April 4, 2017. Toledo Museum of Art 1963 The New England Glass Company, 1818-1888. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. Accessed April 4, 2017. https://archive.org/details/newenglandglassc00tole 19 20 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f632eab0c5e6317ae95eb63b18ad191c.jpg 444f6da10e591dcc2ab7bd14ff9eca7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource This lead glaze is consistent with the glazing patterns found on colonial pipkins more generally. A uniform lead glaze was typically applied on the exterior, everywhere except the bottom of the vessel (which would have been directly over the heat source). https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d050766023aa718b0066cbb3d47fe3b0.jpg 2829e996403f6b0a2a05d340a8d15a14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource The coarse breakage pattern shows that the red clay with which this vessel was made was relatively unrefined. This suggests that it was domestically produced, as basic pottery was not valuable enough to import. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b68dad3d3ec5af1eff55213e3d806b3c.jpg d72f83bfe1c6d6c9c6bd181e26d45520 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource Pipkins had three feet, of which this would have been one. They were usually short and knob shaped, and elevated the vessel over the surface of the wood stove. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e7308b9a785048b6aabce5615e233862.jpg 356e3591b63181af51859f3902be0dd7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Floor Plan Description An account of the resource The Old College building was multipurpose, with spaces for dining as well as meeting and instruction. Cooking space was probably on the western side of the building, where this sherd was found. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Belknap Press, Reprint ed., 2006. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f2af53bcd62f6dee5be16de4a033a5ec.jpg 40f16e78584bfd12e0bd264c41072b23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Harvard Yard Description An account of the resource A map of Harvard Yard shows the 2016 excavation area in relation to the probably location of the Old College. The cooking and dining areas would have been on the western half of the building, just south of the excavation. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Loren, Diana and Capone, Patricia. "Lecture 1 2016–Introduction." Anthro 1130, September 2016. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/8525aa563fd67b9e24f310714f388458.png 0465b35f7efd98317a2a5fe0c17bc4b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pipkin Description An account of the resource This 17th Century lead-glazed redware pipkin was produced in Essex, England and found on the colonial Jamestown site. Similar objects would have been used in Harvard Yard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Historic Jamestowne. 2017. “Essex Post-Medieval Fine Redware.” Jamestown Rediscovery, accessed April 29, 2017. http://historicjamestowne.org/collections/ceramics-research-group/essex-post-medieval-fine-redware/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Redware Foot of Bowl Inventory Description Redware foot of a bowl, likely a pipkin. Peabody Number 2016.26.507 Culture/Period 17th Century Intrasite H933 Level 4 Depth 76-86cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Base Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 3.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Redware Foot of Bowl Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Crews, Ed. 2004. "Colonial Foodways." Colonial Williamsburg Journal, Autumn. Accessed April 29. http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/autumn04/food.cfm Historic Jamestowne. 2017. “Essex Post-Medieval Fine Redware.” Jamestown Rediscovery, accessed April 29, 2017. http://historicjamestowne.org/collections/ceramics-research-group/essex-post-medieval-fine-redware/ Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf. Subject The topic of the resource Colonial foodways were very different from how we eat now. Because no refrigeration was available, meals depended on what was in season, and raw fruits and vegetables were not popular. Dinner, the main meal of the day, was consumed in the afternoon. Food contained high levels of grease, seasoning, and sweetener by modern standards (Crews). At 17th Century Harvard College, all student meals would have been prepared and eaten in the Old College building in Harvard Yard. Pipkins (colonial cooking pots) were mainly used for everyday cooking activities and placed over a wood stove during food preparation–hence their footed structure. Typically made from redware, pipkins were usually lead-glazed except for the base exterior (Historic Jamestowne). The lack of decoration on this sherd supports the hypothesis that the vessel was a utilitarian piece, used in everyday cooking. This sherd is relatively unrefined, as evidenced by the coarse pattern along which it appears to have broken. The quality of the clay suggests that the piece was domestically produced, as local quality was much lower than that of imports (Hume 99). We can infer that this piece most likely dates to the 17th century due to positive identifications of other artifacts found at the same depth, including pipe stems and glassware. 17 ceramic redware https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3d1fc7083c794e0a9291e2501857a5e5.jpg b2ff7412ceb14dacd31167cf6fa7a271 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0e7241e2f53b80e330a9dfd5c3c1d873.png a7b92d7927cceb9aebb255563cbae218 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bellarmine Bottle from Towne Neck. It is hypothesized that the sherd we excavated came from a Bellarmine bottle such as this. Description An account of the resource An example of a bellarmine bottle found in Towne Neck with a medallion imprinted on its body. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/6b7efdb47694a43d016ab0012f2815ee.png de2de1b8fc49d237e7068777aadc057a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This 17th century dining hall menu shows very European food choices such as brisket, pudding, bread and beer. Description An account of the resource This 17th century dining hall menu shows very European food choices such as brisket, pudding, bread and beer. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/bae9dae81ec591581208713fbb88cafc.png ad52d9fc5926c0b2d61afd77fcac9be9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A page from the Butler's handbook where he documented food and drink that was served in the dining hall Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Rhenish Stoneware: Bellarmine Bottle Inventory Description stoneware body sherd Peabody Number 2016.29.719 Culture/Period 19th century Intrasite H938 Depth Level 2 (62-71) Class 1 ceramic Class 2 body Class 3 sherd Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhenish Stoneware: Bellarmine Bottle Description An account of the resource Background: The website, Diagnostic Artifacts of Maryland, allows us to conclude that the artifact that we excavated is a German brown salt glaze stoneware with iron oxide slip from the 17th century (Image 1). This is most likely from the neck of a bellarmine bottle because it has the shape of a bellarmine bottleneck (Artifacts of Colonial Maryland). Bellarmine bottles were used primarily for storage, service and consumption, and sanitary purposes. Rhenish stoneware has a direct connection to colonialism because medallions of different king of England, such as King George, were often imprinted on the bellarmine bottle’s body (Image 2). Journal entry: I began my day at breakfast where I consumed milk that was stored in a bellarmine bottle, along with a few biscuits. Most of our food and drink here at Harvard has a European influence, for example we often eat scones and biscuits (Image 3). While people left Europe to escape some traditional European values such as the protestant religion, there is still a heavy colonial influence here in America. In fact, my professors will often travel to Europe to present their work. One of my professors, John Winthrop, presented his scientific and astronomical work to the Royal Society and to the larger scientific community of England. From seals on our bellarmine bottle that are stamped with names of English Kings, to our academics, it is clear that many facets of our life here at Harvard are heavily influenced by Europe and that we maintain colonial ties to Europe. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/ColonialWare-thumbnails/rhenish_stoneware_images.htm#armorial-heraldicmedallion http://hul.harvard.edu/lib/archives/h1718/pages/history.html 17 18 bellarmine bottle rhenish stoneware https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b620690068ccc49863909b571c7715e4.jpg 99e5c8388cc701d6c427af562893df68 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph taken and edited by Rachel Harner. Caption: Sivilich, Daniel. "How to Identify Revolutionary War Musket Balls." Sciencing, 2017. http://sciencing.com/identify-revolutionary-war-musket-balls-7633630.html Title A name given to the resource The light color of this musket ball is due to a natural buildup of lead carbonates, sulfides and oxides over time, which helps confirm its age and material composition. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a5db2312021ef2eecbe126e1411c8eb1.jpg 95a3e2ad6d75e430dc95043f3c0e4351 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Painting: "A Perspective View of an Encampment" by Bowles & Carver, 1780. Caption: Ireland, Corydon. "Harvard's year of exile." Harvard Gazette, 2011. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/10/harvards-year-of-exile/ Title A name given to the resource Continental soldiers were housed at Harvard during the Revolutionary War while classes were relocated to Concord. Dorms, academic buildings, and even canvas tents in the Yard served as makeshift barracks. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e96b056110ef712d04750b1ceab870bf.jpg 558e29c9bce09f8986f2504fce49fe2e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource These Redcoat reenactors hold reproductions of the “Brown Bess” flintlock musket, the most common British weapon. Revolutionaries also used flintlock muskets made in small Colonial factories or stolen from the British. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Durham, J. Lloyd. "Outfitting an American Revolutionary Soldier." Tar Heel Junior Historian, 1992. http://www.ncpedia.org/history/usrevolution/soldiers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Lead Shot Peabody Number 2016.29.564 Intrasite H942, Level 4 Depth Level 4, 70-80cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Arms Class 3 Ammunition Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object NA Width (cm) Dimension of Object NA Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.9cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 18th Century Lead Musket Ball Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Burke, Kathryn. "Letters of the Revolutionary War." Smithsonian National Postal Museum, 2017. https://postalmuseum.si.edu/letterwriting/lw02.html Hume, Ivor. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969. Ireland, Corydon. "Harvard's year of exile." Harvard Gazette, 2011. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/10/harvards-year-of-exile/ O'Rourke, Brigid. "Harvard honors its military past with tour." Harvard Gazette, 2015. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/12/harvard-honors-its-military-past-with-tour/ Sivilich, Daniel. "How to Identify Revolutionary War Musket Balls." Sciencing, 2017. http://sciencing.com/identify-revolutionary-war-musket-balls-7633630.html Sydney Living Museums. "How musket balls are made." Youtube, 2014. https://youtu.be/iz3NZ6dL-e0 Subject The topic of the resource Fictional recreation (2017) of the context of this musket ball based on the sources cited below June 15, 1775 Dearest Temperance, I cannot write much but I endeavor to give you a glimpse of what life is like in Cambridge. As the General’s secretary, my bed is in one of the rooming halls, but many of the enlisted men sleep outside in tents where I often hear them laughing and singing into the night. They have started to construct a blockade to the east of camp in case of an ambush, though we have scarce seen a Redcoat since arriving. There have been whispers of an ammunition shortage so the General ordered the removal of all the doorknobs and hinges to be melted into musket balls. There are rumors the roof of the College hall is next. It is my responsibility to keep a careful record of all camp supplies so I spent several hours this morning sorting the ammunition. While I was in the tent I heard a shot and ran outside to find two soldiers competing to see who could fire his musket the fastest. The General halved their rations for the week and told all assembled they could expect the same if they were caught wasting supplies. I will have Ezekiel deliver this letter when he rides into town tomorrow with the General’s correspondence. Please do not hasten a reply; your acceptance of this humble rumination is all the acknowledgement I need. Yours, Elias 18 metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/be0142da007d42d20bac89085b74c026.jpg 86578478265c0aac3eb3e322fa3e217d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sarsaparilla Bottle Fragment Description An account of the resource From the letters embossed on the side of this fragment (PARIL), we can conclude that this is a Sarsaparilla remedy bottle which boomed in popularity in colonial 19th century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo Credit: David Ryan https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c77bd6ebb250fb6ef348640e77eb490e.png 968e890c7b36d1ede05a3bb9e57ad0fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 19th century advertisement for common remedies Description An account of the resource The medicine industry began to boom in New England in the 19th century with profits being used to advertise the more affluent population using their product. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/Patent_Medicine.pdf https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/fa2e8770ad2d5894b63bbea4447be27e.jpg 8c403ae0d67f95055466e3952c019564 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A complete Dalton's Sarsaparilla Bottle from the 19th century Description An account of the resource Sarsaparilla was a commonly distributed remedy in the 19th century for diseases such as dyspepsia, typhoid and cholera that home treatments couldn't cure with Dalton's being a renowned producer in New England. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://sha.org/bottle/Typing/medicine/daltons.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Sarsaparilla bottle fragment Inventory Description Sarsaparilla bottle fragment Peabody Number 2016.29.807 Intrasite H932 Level 2 Depth 67-96 Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Colorless bottle glass Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 4 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sarsaparilla bottle fragment Description An account of the resource Hello, my name is Isaac Emerson and I am currently a first year student at Harvard College. I followed in my father’s footsteps by studying at Cambridge, although, right now I’m struggling to see myself earning my diploma. See, soon upon my arrival at Harvard I contracted dyspepsia, a common illness at the present. It coincided with my recent poor diet due to my family suffering from financial difficulties. Luckily I was able to obtain Sarsaparilla remedy from a doctor who regularly travelled to the college. However, I am worried that I’m not going to be able to afford this professional medical care and the expensive medicine for too much longer. The mother of the family generally provides routine health care, which has meant that the poorer students that I have met who have also fallen ill have been forced to return home so that they can be treated with less expensive home remedies. As I writhed with the pain in my stomach last night, I reached for my Sarsaparilla bottle but knocked it over, smashing it in the process. The industry for medicine has become hugely profit driven. I can even see, from my bedroom window, an advertisement of a man sitting in a lavish chair, eating from fine porcelain while pouring Sarsaparilla into his glass! It seems like medicine is being made for the rich, not the sick these days. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baker, Perry. "Patent Medicine: Cures and Quacks" Pilgrim Society and Pilgrim Hall Museum. http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/Patent_Medicine.pdf Society for Historical Archaeology. "Medicinal/Chemical/Druggist Bottles" https://sha.org/bottle/medicinal.htm#Sarsaparilla 19 bottle glass medicine https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0d2a8b8844454813085f14f86d15fdb9.JPG e10169176fadecd53091513c2094dc55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This artifact is a gray nylon cloth with a blue outer embroidery. Nylon was not created until the early 20th century as a cheaper alternative to silk. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/11837ae213b02fac4d4a5ea142f8c783.jpg 5812a600b8718dfd8006f6b893def56a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/35/7b/cd/357bcde2e6b7bff31eca3102dd4a2dcf.jpg?noindex=1 Title A name given to the resource DuPont created the first synthetic fiber in the early 20th century which became known as nylon. Nylon became widely popular in the 1940's. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/86cf8407131446732afb186449db0b6c.jpg 26f6df6b73c9a2acb6e47f9974a81f6f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB12J9ELXXXXXawXXXXq6xXFXXXh/Plus-size-font-b-men-b-font-wedding-dress-font-b-shirts-b-font-High-quality.jpg Title A name given to the resource Silk was invented in China in 3000 BC. Silk prices were relatively unstable yet expensive because its cultivation relied on the silk worm. Synthetic fabric experiments began in the 1700's. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Nylon Textile Peabody Number 2016.29.611 Intrasite H929 Level 2 Depth 50-60cm Class 1 Textile Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object .06cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2.75cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nylon Textile Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://visforvintage.net/2013/05/07/nylon-a-fashion-history/ http://www.economist.com/node/3518560 http://www.encyclopedia.com/fashion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/twentieth-century-fashion Subject The topic of the resource Adam Scott came to Harvard in the early 20th century from a lower income family. He frequently wore thin nylon shirts since he could not afford silk, its more expensive counterpart. Many of his classmates were able to enjoy the luxury of silk, so Adam sought out nylon clothes with blue silk-like embroidery to fit in with his peers. The school did not mandate silk, so Adam was able to use an alternative textile to wear appropriate clothes to class. Although shirts worn to class were typically white and conservative to match the old ideals of Harvard, Adam wore his blue-embroidered shirt for recreational use outside of the classroom. Whereas family income gaps may have played a larger part in a student’s success and acclimation to Harvard in previous centuries, concerted efforts to close that gap in the late 19th and early 20th century allowed Adam to be equally competitive with his classmates. The government began to pour resources into public libraries and schools to provide equal opportunities to students from all socioeconomic backgrounds. The diversification of shirt material to various wealth classes symbolizes a larger attempt by the school and local government to broaden the opportunities for students like Adam. 20 nylon textile https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d1bc5e30c3939beaa0f57792da6d7eb9.JPG bedb6ec3ccf5b34a96f7840202432fa1 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/533665ef0ca8386a4ad31d68eae349ad.jpg 2ed5b2591269dcb81133c7f84578ee9c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A small amber pharmaceutical bottle could have been shaped like one of these bottle of the early seventeenth-century. Number six is in fact an amber bottle. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1b6823536f38dadb61c0c1adc96a25af.html 503329c049c91ec7e5b86e2f4c0c5ddf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Society for Historical Archaeology's website containing a guide for dating glass bottles for the past few hundred years. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://sha.org/bottle/medicinal.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Piece of amber glass Inventory Description Curved thick piece of amber bottle glass Peabody Number 2016.29.893 Intrasite H930, Level 2 Depth 57-67cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle glass Class 3 Amber bottle glass Quantity 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Piece of amber glass Subject The topic of the resource On a frigid New England winter morning, a sleepy student awoke early for another studious day of academics at the newly-founded Harvard College. A feeling of general ill fell over him as he groomed himself for the day. Attributing it to the cold weather and a bad night’s sleep, he simply carried on as normal. During morning prayers, the student fought back the urge to cough so as not to interrupt the reverent meditation. Throughout the day his cough worsened. When classes concluded, the student was glad to return to his room. Feeling the intense inflammation in his lungs, he turned to self-medication as was common in the early seventeenth century. He pulled out his copy of “Compendium of Meteria Medicae” to find a relief for his troubling symptoms. The book contained recommendations for suppressing coughs, and the student selected the one that he owned. Searching through his small collection of tiny glass bottles of varying shapes and sizes, he picked up a tiny amber bottle, clutching its wide shoulders and narrow base. Taking a sip, he grimaced at the bitter taste. The smoke given off by the candlestick illuminating his room only encouraged more coughing. The student blew it out and retired for the night, hoping a good night’s sleep would be the best medicine. Description An account of the resource A small piece of curved, thick amber glass with many scratch marks on the surface. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Spillan, D. 1839. A Compendium of Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Toxicology. London: G. Henderson, Old Bailey, Ludgate-Hill. 19 amber glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/332ff8d676d2c0c39c5b6ac1fab524f7.jpg 7abe026cdd180ce0398f8869eb1786a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A picture of the ceramic button found in H930. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F332ff8d676d2c0c39c5b6ac1fab524f7.jpg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/fd60151a71299f755ac088b700e03944.pdf 6ba43fcc77002b70d3f46a7f280fcae1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A scan of the patent filed in the US for a faster, cheaper way of making ceramic buttons. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.buttoncountry.com/PatentsImages/1841-prosser-Ceramic.pdf https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7ee96cfba5b1d1780c9519e40d066c77.jpg 5af7374b3c1b239bd25876bc2def90c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An example of ceramic Prosser buttons very like the example I found from 'Digging in': a website on historical archaeology in Nebraska. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://cdrhsites.unl.edu/diggingin/archeology/di.sr.0007.html Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Ceramic button fragment, 4 holes Peabody Number 2016.29.896 Intrasite H930, Level 2 Depth 57-67cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Button Quantity 1 Culture/Period 19th Century Inventory Description A white ceramic (porcelain) Prosser button fragment from the 19th Century, probably in the latter half. This button was made through the dust-pressed method. There is some controversy over the actual creators of the dust-pressed method, with each of the Prosser brothers claiming to be the originator of the idea. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic button fragment Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Harvard University Press, 1986. Sprague, Roderick. "China or Prosser button identification and dating." Historical Archaeology 36.2 (2002): 111-127. http://www.math.harvard.edu/history/byerly/index.html http://www.prossertheengineer.co.uk/images/PDF/The_Dust-Pressed_Process.pdf https://cdrhsites.unl.edu/diggingin/archeology/di.sr.0007.html http://www.buttoncountry.com/PatentsImages/1841-prosser-Ceramic.pdf https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files%2Fanth1130%2Foriginal%2F332ff8d676d2c0c39c5b6ac1fab524f7.jpg Subject The topic of the resource At Harvard, buttons like this would be present on men’s shirts, for example on the cuffs. The following narrative connects the wider societal changes at the time with educational reform at Harvard in the latter half of the 19th Century. William E. Byerly walked through Harvard Yard in the spring of 1873, still marveling at how different everything looked from when he first entered the college in 1867. Eliot had completely changed the Yard in the few years he’d been president. Thayer, Matthews, and Weld had all sprung up in the last two years. Some alumni grumbled that they hardly knew the place, but Byerly could hardly be upset. He would be the first beneficiary of the new PhD program. In the summer, if all went well, he would graduate with a doctorate in Mathematics. He already had a teaching position at Cornell lined up, but already he could tell he would miss this school. He stumbled for a moment on a stone in the path, and the books in his arm slid against his cuff. The button popped off and fell into the grass. It was a small, white button, made with dust-pressing. He didn’t even bother to stoop and pick it up. Buttons these days were cheap. He could easily get a replacement for a few pennies. Factories in England and France were churning these out in the hundreds every fifteen minutes and exporting them across the sea. The world was changing. New inventions were exploding in the patent offices. Even Harvard was changing faster than anyone had believed possible. 19 button ceramic https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/840f7bd47891426e3ca17a7134370d36.jpg e5a076d74a736e265248d29fcc0ed1d0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This hook was probably used as a window hook. Students were able to open their windows and witness historical commencement traditions and University history in the making. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c60f7241bdf6b35c78a4317bf05e931a.png 50e4cf0c123d8dbb865aa9af6e7ff3db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This Commencement program highlights the first African-American Oration speaker in Harvard’s history. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1890/6/20/todays-programme-class-day-exercises-prayer/ https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b4ae46677ea79a48b43c5f438c7bd20e.jpg 723e2a79091ffe4db402c9115ebeac72 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource W. E. B. Du Bois was the first African-American to receive a doctoral degree from Harvard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Probable Window Hook Inventory Description This is most likely a window hook or shutter hook. It is possible that it is hardware from a door or other fixture. It appears to be made of brass and based on the materials found with it and its presence in Level 2, it is likely from the 19th century. Peabody Number 2016.29.926 Intrasite H935 Level 2 Depth 53-63cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Hardware Class 3 Hook Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 7.6 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 2.3 Culture/Period 19th Century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Probable Window Hook Subject The topic of the resource Kellogg Fairbank looked at the large panes of his Federal-style window in Holworthy. The building opened in 1812 and had housed many about-to-be-graduates such as himself. He unlatched the window by sliding out the hook and pushed it up to look out at the Yard. He saw the steeple of Memorial Church where he would soon gather with his classmates to begin their Class of 1890 Class Day Exercises. He also saw two of his classmates walking north across the Yard. His friends, Clement Morgan and W.E.B. Du Bois, were not permitted to live on campus due to the color of their skin. Fairbank hated the system, but for the first time in Harvard’s History, an African-American man would be giving an oration. Fairbank was set to give one and Morgan would give the other. Du Bois was also set to make history with his acceptance into a doctoral degree program. Fairbank waved to them, pushed the window down, slid the hook in, and went out to join his friends. This window into the past shows several firsts for African-Americans at Harvard, but compared to other schools at the time, Harvard was not even close to being a leader in integration. Dartmouth graduated its first African-American student in 1828, long before Harvard’s first African-American college student graduated in 1870. African-Americans faced much adversity in higher education, though the explosion of Black colleges and universities in the second half of the 19th century helped to secure education for more African-Americans. Today, while Harvard is viewed by many as a diverse community, there are still movements by students surrounding issues of race such as the “I, Too, Am Harvard” campaign. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Almore, Alexandra L. ""In Harvard, But Not Of It"." The Harvard Crimson. N.p., 21 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. "Holworthy Hall." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 08 Feb. 2017. Web. 02 May 2017. I, Too, Am Harvard. N.p., 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. <http://itooamharvard.tumblr.com/>. "Key Events in Black Higher Education." The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. N.p., 01 May 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. "Nineteenth Century Windows." Historic Preservation Education Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2017. Snibbe, Kris. "A Window into African-American History." Harvard Gazette. N.p., 4 Feb. 2011. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. "Today's Programme." The Harvard Crimson [Cambridge] 20 June 1980: n. pag. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. 19 metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/2c757712b6fedc10078b591bb93ade22.JPG 570aa557bc9a7529b8a8cde1acb0b1b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Front view of pewter button excavated from unit H931, Level 3, depth of 68-80cm. Note the plainness of the button and the absence of decorative detail. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph of object taken by Gemma Collins. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ca13acfc188332dc40ded9231b40cf6a.JPG 4b7c9e0062178dcc4c866a6437dae8ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Back view of pewter button excavated from unit H931, Level 3, depth of 68-80cm. This view shows the hollow back and where the shank would have been attached. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph of object taken by Gemma Collins. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/80c98112d1a7d758758b2be41e2bfeec.png ead488c78e41d9fa54140e975ae4bab8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Excerpt of the College’s laws from 1655 regulating that students “shall [not] wear lavish dress or excess of apparel whatsoever, Nor shall any wear gold, or sylver or such ornaments.” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708.” 1655. Harvard University Archives. Accessed April 30, 2017. https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:51409343$3i. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0d223c6e7167921240a70a0804e72ff9.jpeg 54f66d5236b908e083b396faa5ac67e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, shows the expected dress and lack of adornment worn by colonial Puritans. Any adornment or buttons would have been simple. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “John Winthrop (1588-1649).” Harvard University Portrait Collection, Gift of Thomas L. Winthrop to Harvard College in 1835. Object Number: H9. Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Pewter Shank Button Peabody Number 2016.29.390 Intrasite H931 Level 3 Depth 68-80cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Personal Class 3 Button Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pewter Shank Button Subject The topic of the resource Religious and class systems are central to our understanding of the material culture of colonial adornment, and looking at this button helps us interrogate the presence of these systems at Harvard (Heath 1999). Pewter (alloyed tin with some lead, zinc, or copper) was a typical material for buttons from the 17th century until the early 19th century (Button Country 2012). This button also has part of the shank snapped off, but it was likely a cast or integral shank – a popular 17th century 2-piece mold method and the most common attachment method of this time (Button Country 2012; Hume 1970, 88; Hinks 1988, 56; Loren 2011, 52). Knowing that this button is likely 17th century fits in with understandings of sumptuary and modesty laws at Harvard and the colonies. This button is simple in design, a tear-shaped, convex, hollowed-out design in plain pewter, suggesting the influence of Puritan regulations on adornment and clothing, and the avoidance of wearing “all lavish dress of excess of apparel whatsoever” (Evans 2010, 75; Loren 2016, 144; “The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708”). Although it is impossible to now determine who wore this button and in what context, buttons like this would have been wider signifiers of class and social standing in colonial society, especially after the 1651 sumptuary laws were passed (Loren 2011). These laws still attempted to uphold Puritan modesty and sobriety, but they were more lenient in allowing certain adornment for certain people and “gentlemen” (Bagley 2016, 68). This button therefore could have been worn on the clothing of a lower class, less wealthy Harvard student who was still being held to the full severity of the Puritan sobriety and modesty laws. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bagley, Joseph M. 2016. A History of Boston in 50 Artifacts. Hanover: University Press of New England. Button Country. 2012. “Section 10 – Metals (Page 1).” Buttoncountry.com. Accessed April 30, 2017. http://buttoncountry.com/Metals1.html. Button Country. 2012. “Section 23-3 – Back Types (Page 2).” Buttoncountry.com. Accessed April 30, 2017. http://www.buttoncountry.com/BackTypes2.html#. Evans, Mary. 2010. Historic American Costumes and How to Make Them. New York: Dover Publications. Heath, Barbara J. 1999 “Buttons, Beads, and Buckles: Contextualizing Adornment Within the Bounds of Slavery.” In Historical Archaeology, Identity Formation: and the Interpretation of Ethnicity, edited by Maria Franklin and Garrett Fesler. Colonial Williamsburg Research Publications, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Hinks, Stephen. 1988. A Structural and Functional Analysis of 18th Century Buttons. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. Hume, Ivor Noël. 1970. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf. “John Winthrop (1588-1649).” Harvard University Portrait Collection, Gift of Thomas L. Winthrop to Harvard College in 1835. Object Number: H9. Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge. Loren, Diana DiPaolo. 2011. The Archaeology of Clothing and Bodily Adornment in Colonial America. Florida: University Press of Florida. Loren, Diana Di Paolo. 2016. “Bodily Protection: Dress, Health, and Anxiety in Colonial New England.” In The Archaeology of Anxiety: The Materiality of Anxiousness, Worry, and Fear, edited by Jeffrey Fleisher and Neil Norman, 141-156. Springer: New York. “The Lawes and Orders of Harvard Colledge, 1655-1708.” 1655. Harvard University Archives. Accessed April 30, 2017. https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:51409343$3i. 17 18 button metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1e6d7255c01e3eba94c728466b01b72a.jpg 6eea410840b856a48d9e154c087e821f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This green 18th century pharmaceutical glass is smooth to the touch and has two separate pieces--one being a part of the short neck and the other making up the body of the bottle. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/bb5812ebc56fbd1d05387fe6d896ad55.png 9be85aea612b81c4b4e0556d0fc6e1c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medical "recipes" that Dr. Lynman Spalding concocted for those who fell ill with differing illnesses at Harvard Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:53118936$19i https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/06444874f86fe894ea83847b95faa612.png 638fdcd474f6c1c32aec2d75345902a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ledger of the individuals who were affected by small pox in the Boston area in 18th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:53371711$4i Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Green Pharmaceutical Bottle Neck Fragment Peabody Number 2016.29.947 Culture/Period Late 18th Century Intrasite H929 Level 1 Depth 40-50 cm Class 1 Glass Class 2 Bottle Glass Class 3 Green Bottle Glass Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 8.3 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 5.4 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .8 cm Inventory Description Two fragments of green, medium-thickness 18th century pharmaceutical glass. The pieces fit together and are smooth to the touch. One piece is part of the short neck and the other is part of the body of the glass. The glass also appears to be uneven, giving clues that it was handblown. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Green Pharmaceutical Bottle Neck Fragment Subject The topic of the resource James Hubbard, an upper class student at Harvard, was alleviated from the pains from being poor, but still faced the struggles of contracting diseases like every other member of society. In the late 1700s, Hubbard was diagnosed with smallpox. He found himself carrying a green, tubular pharmaceutical bottle that held ailments that would apparently make him feel better. The free-blown pharmaceutical phial that Hubbard held was similar to many that were made in the 18th century, with a short neck, sloping and narrow shoulder, and a shallow kick-up base. Luckily, Hubbard did not have to travel far to gather his medication from a lecturer at the Harvard Medical School, Dr. Lynman Spalding. The founder of the first pharmacopeia and a major contributor to the smallpox vaccine, Spalding was the most qualified doctor of Cambridge at the time. Therefore, Hubbard had to trust that Spalding’s concoction of elixir vitriol, Jamaica pepper, cinnamon, and ginger placed inside his green-glassed bottle was going to make him feel better. Most of the medical treatments used for Harvard students, and for the colonies over all, was done by trial and error and included many absurd treatments like extreme bleeding, purging, and even leeching. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived A brief history of pharmacy: humanity's search for wellness. (2016). Choice Reviews Online, 53(11). doi:10.5860/choice.196974 Davies, P., Crook, P., & Murray, T. (2013). An archaeology of institutional confinement: the Hyde Park Barracks, 1848-1886. The University Of Sydney, N.S.W.: Sydney University Press. Gibson, J., & Evans, J. (1985). Some Eighteenth-Century Pharmaceutical Vessels from London. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 19(1), 151-155. doi:10.1179/pma.1985.007 Pharmaceutical Glass in Post-Medieval London: a Proposed ... (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2017, from https://www.bing.com/cr?IG=47EC3DB93DB94FF4ADA56A77A93F6137&CID=12E6E583424962000047EFF543D96312&rd=1&h=OfYl7_N_t5hCaDrgfcfID_Lo6Hvz3MA4NLfOxEYTcp0&v=1&r=https%3a%2f%2fwww.researchgate.net%2fpublication%2f265852181_Pharmaceutical_Glass_in_Post-Medieval_London_a_Proposed_Typology&p=DevEx,5062.1 https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:53118936$19i https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:53371711$4i 18 bottle glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/386d85890c00d8cd5aed2629373e6849.JPG e8616e34d3d245eac9fe171b514fefca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tin-Glazed Sherds Description An account of the resource The geometric motifs on these sherds are clearly visible in this photograph. The left one contains broader, larger geometric shapes, whereas the one on the right is more intricate. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph by Charlie Michael. May 1st 2017. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e434d08b037121c590b3349f6b51baf9.jpg 31913a792fb36030040ee61e0a366d18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Example of another tin-glazed earthenware sherd with geometric motif. Description An account of the resource This sherd from the 17th century shows another example of a geometric motif. One can notice the coarse brushwork and lack of attention to detail that was common among these ceramics. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab. 2002. "Colonial Ceramics - Tin Glazed". Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab Website. Accessed May 1, 2017. http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Tin-glazed.htm https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9d75fafa512398f8e3ecf26acd9c6498.jpg dd27a19b22f5c34b2ff208416e4ba62a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Kitchen Subject The topic of the resource The kitchen in the Harvard College buttery would have looked much like this Colonial Williamsburg reconstruction, and the food would have been similar but more basic. Tin-glazed earthenware plates would have been used to consume food cooked in kitchens like this one. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. 2016. "Kitchens" Colonial Williamsburg Website. Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Summer07/kitchens.cfm https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7ccde9d1804fe2a5ff54ae2646c6d016.jpeg ce6013ff58f5105a6cd2a875a07b5992 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tin-Glazed Earthenware (of the Delftware variety) on display at the Ward House sitting room. Subject The topic of the resource Tin-glazed earthenware comes in many varieties and levels of quality. The earthenwares pictured here were high-quality earthenwares with intricate glazing, and were used for display purposes, unlike the ones found in Unit H932 of the Harvard Yard excavation. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://wardhouse.harvard.edu/galleries/sitting-room The Harvard Ward House Museum. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Tin Glazed Earthenware Sherds Inventory Description Two tin-glazed earthenware sherds, likely part of plates. Both are earthenware of medium refinement. Peabody Number 2016.29.84 Intrasite H932 Level 2 Depth 67-96 Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Earthenware Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.1cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 4.2cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.5cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tin Glazed Earthenware Sherds Subject The topic of the resource Tin Glazed Earthenware Sherds Description An account of the resource Joseph Browne, Harvard Class of 1666 These fragments are from two plates that I broke in 1664 during my sophomore year at the College. My friends and I may have had too much rum, and our rowdiness got rather out of hand. We thought it would be enjoyable to have a competition of bowling on our dormitory, but since we had no bowling balls we decided to use our plates instead. We used thin books as the pins, and rolled our plates towards them. I must have rolled mine rather hard, as it went flying down the floor, hitting the wall with a large crash. Pieces scattered all around, and I was saddened to see my favorite plate suffer such a horrid end. You see, my father had bought me this plate in Boston before my first year of College. Every student brings their own plate to the College to consume their meals with, and I had formed quite an attachment with mine. I was a large fan of the geometric blue design, as it was very popular during that time. It was a cheap English-manufactured plate, and my father had told me to be gentle with it as it was liable to shatter easily. I didn’t mind its cheapness or its fragility, as at the time I believed it looked just like a piece of fine China. But now, seeing its ruined and shattered pieces, I can finally see that it is far from being Chinese porcelain — it’s merely coarse clay glazed in white and fired. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Morison, Samuel E. 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab. 2002. "Colonial Ceramics - Tin Glazed". Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab Website. Accessed May 1, 2017. http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Tin-glazed.html The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. 2016. "Kitchens" Colonial Williamsburg Website. Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Summer07/kitchens.cfm Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. Sears, Lorenzo. 1912. John Hancock: The Picturesque Patriot. Boston, MA: Little, Brown. Unger, Harlow Giles. 2000. John Hancock: Merchant King and American Patriot. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 17 18 ceramic https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f4cf646a3de8517c8c3a122926048b3c.jpg 23c284fb7a0dfaa900452de1089b1a8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pipe Stem and Bowl Fragments Subject The topic of the resource I found a piece of 17th century ceramic pipe stem along with part of a pipe bowl. Both the stem and the bowl have designs on them. The small part of the stem that we found is about two to three inches long. Half of the pipe stem is smooth with no design and the other half has a few ripples that make it textured. The pipe bowl has what looks like the initials P.E. on the flat part of the bowl. I believe that our pipe fragments are from the 17th century because “the holes in the pipe stems become smaller and smaller through the 17th and on into the second half of the 18th century (Hume 1969: 297). The hole of this pipe stem is relatively wide (look up the actual size on the excel sheet); approximately seven to nine 64th of an inch in diameter. Based on the chart in Hume, the date the pipe was made, then, was between 1620-1650 (Hume 1969:298). https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/90f5f7cc194c7df00b70588ef25c852c.pdf 80bfd6825d12ee5e4531cb07201db1fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Account of Andrew Croswell Subject The topic of the resource This is an account book of a Harvard student named Andrew Croswell. He kept account of the things he purchased while he was at Harvard. Tobacco is on his list of things he purchases along with toothbrushes, fruit, pencils, and wine. This shows that tobacco was viewed as a necessity almost to some college students- if they were willing to spend their limited amount of money on it. Now, marijuana is considered a necessity to college students as well. This also verifies that students did smoke tobacco and drink wine while they attended Harvard, even though it was against school rules. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Croswell, Andrew , 1778-1858, “Account book of Andrew Croswell, 1794-1802,” Colonial North American Project at Harvard, accessed April 30, 2017, http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/12076. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dc76589cc649f42d2ee0878a46521a6b.pdf 45567d66d66980211ae57fc131c3cd2e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medical Journal Records Subject The topic of the resource This is a medical journal from 1791-1815. An entry from 1796 documents how tobacco smoke was believed to treat a person who died from drowning by “blowing smoke in the victim’s lungs.” This is just one example of how tobacco was believed by some to serve a medical purpose. It seems now that marijuana has headed down the same road. Before marijuana was legalized in some states, it was illegal with the exception of medical purposes. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Appleton, Moses , 1773-1849 and Appleton, Moses , 1773-1849, “Commonplace book of Moses Appleton, 1791-1815 (inclusive),” Colonial North American Project at Harvard, accessed April 30, 2017, http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/12123. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b527c5c576b5321ff52d2194325d05a7.pdf 7583a2ea0e9087b7a2fe9fe3cf55aefe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Poem about a "College Chamber" Subject The topic of the resource This source is a poem that describes a “college chamber” or dorm room at Harvard in 1744. It was written by two men- one named Thomas Handcock and the other is Richard Waterman. They wrote this poem when visiting a friend at Harvard. The poem describes the contents of the room including “pipes and tobacco” among other items like pens, paper, a broom, clothes, etc. This shows how students smoked tobacco even against school rules- similar to how students now smoke marijuana. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Handcock, Thomas., “Description of a College Chamber (manuscript copy), ca. 1744,” Colonial North American Project at Harvard, accessed April 30, 2017, http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/9203. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name 17th Century Pipe Stem and Bowl Fragment Inventory Description A fragment of a pipe stem (8/64" bore diameter) and part of a bowl with the initials PD on the flat bottom of the bowl (7/64" bore diameter). Culture/Period 17th century Intrasite Unit H944 Depth Level 2 Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object The stem is around 4cm and the bowl is closer to 3 cm. Width (cm) Dimension of Object The width is about 1 cm for the stem and 2 cm for the bowl. Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object The thickness is about 1 cm as well. Peabody Number 2016.29.303 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 17th Century Pipe Stem and Bowl Fragment Subject The topic of the resource Current students at Harvard break the rules and based on our archaeological finds of pipe stems and glass bottle fragments, we can confirm that they have been breaking the rules since colonial times as well. Smoking was a common habit at Harvard all through the Colonial period and after, as demonstrated by the large number of pipe stems found in excavations of Harvard Yard. This pipe stem is one of many that are found in excavations of Harvard Yard. Based on the chart in Hume, the date the pipe was made, then, was between 1620-1650 (Hume 1969:298). The rule against smoking tobacco was instituted when the college was and carried well into the early 19th century. There are constant instances of how history repeats itself, but it appears through our discovery of this pipe stem and through records in the archives that tobacco usage in colonial times has striking similarities to marijuana smoking in contemporary times. Some of these similarities are that students hid tobacco in their rooms like students do with marijuana now, they smoke it even if it is against school policy, and both were used for medical reasons. In the rules of the college, tobacco was banned at all times except if it was used medically (Loren, 2016). Another similarity is that tobacco slowly got legalized nationally- which might be the trend of marijuana if it continues with its synchronization with tobacco. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Works Cited: Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. Loren, D. D. (2016). Bodily protection: Dress, health, and anxiety in colonial New England. In The Archaeology of Anxiety (pp. 141-156). Springer New York. 17 pipe smoking Archaeological Find Object Name Red brick fragment Inventory Description Red brick fragment Peabody Number 2016.29.1718 Intrasite Unprovenienced Wall Fall Depth N/A Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Ceramic Class 3 Brick Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 14.7 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 10.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 6.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red brick fragment brick clay https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/9cac0f99bc42de2d6de0f4858db1d63f.png adaa95350ebc2f62808f8ff44d63a6bc https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/3e66c6de93905169b5cb448aa334faea.png 91cf22b7397d44460443c2dabbeed9ad https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/51895936d1c6235f8fd71d9147f7784d.png deba2ff7895cc97e2a392f341112da47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brickmakers had to tread through the clay to mix it before using standardized molds to create the bricks (How to Make Bricks). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Center for Traditional Craft to Make Savannah Grey Bricks with Historic Homeowners Academy.” 2016. Savannah Technical College. September 29. https://www.savannahtech.edu/center-traditional-craft-make-savannah-grey-bricks-historic-homeowners-academy/. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/058e6fd2d956c4cdae7b47ee7292ceed.png 4aba81c3840fc5f13a1dc1a8b76d07f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This image shows a team loading wood into a brick clamp at Colonial Williamsburg. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Making, Baking, and Laying Bricks.” 2019. Accessed April 25. http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter05-06/bricks.cfm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2019 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Glazed brick fragment Inventory Description Glazed brick fragment Peabody Number 2018.24.223 Intrasite H962 Level 1 Depth 50.0-59.0cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Brick Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 5.5cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 4.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 3.1 Notes Exterior of brick is glazed brown-green. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glazed brick fragment Subject The topic of the resource Most colonial-era bricks were manufactured at the sites where they were used, although some were transported from England as ballast (Hume 1962, 82). Massachusetts regulations on brick production from 1670 and 1711 suggest that the industry was established early on (Carroll 1976). Bricks were typically produced in ovens called clamps, where uneven heat caused different brick qualities (Harris 1723, How To 2019). Richard Neve wrote in 1736 that “The first and best sort for lasting are those which lie next the Fire, and have as it were, a Gloss on them, which proceeds from the Salt-petre inherent in them, which by the Violence of the Fire, runs and glazes them; these are called Clinkers” (Hume 1969, 81; Neve 1736, 74). These might have served a decorative purpose (Pyska 2017). Although some scholars insist clinkers were discarded (Akthar 2013), Neve’s account and other contemporary descriptions that state clinkers were “used in architecture” (Harris 1723) suggest that these bricks were utilized. This specimen displays clinkers’ characteristic glossy exterior and dark body (Balme 2009, 378). Since clinkers were “eliminated” as production improved in the late 19th century (Akthar 2013, 3) and this artifact was discovered alongside a 17th century roof tile in Level 1, which suggests mixing occurred, it is likely that the brick dates to an earlier period. It may have adorned Harvard’s Indian College or the chimney of the 17th century Old College building (Davis 1890, 16), for which a foundation trench was discovered nearby. Alternatively, it might date to a later structure, like the old Harvard Hall building, which burnt down in 1764 (Saved 2001). Description An account of the resource Supporting Sources: This video from Colonial Williamsburg provides a brief description of brick production: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUtEcVxaXXQ This is a very similar artifact that was excavated in New York. Like the HYAP brick, it displays glazing on three sides: http://archaeology.cityofnewyork.us/collection/search/south-ferry-terminal-104404-brick-fragment/keyword/vitrified%20brick You might also be interested in: Omeka #901: Brick Fragment This brick fragment is uneven and displays dark patches along the edge. This suggests that it might also be a partially vitrified clinker. Omeka #859: Plinth Squint Like clinkers, plinth squints were a special kind of decorative brick. Plinth squints were uncovered from the excavations of Harvard’s Indian College. Omeka #1474: Large Fragment of a Curved Roof Tile Roof tiles, like clinker bricks, may have served a decorative and ostentatious purpose. These roof tiles can be clearly linked to Harvard’s Old College, which might also be the source of the clinker brick. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Akhtar, Alafia. 2013. “One Man’s Trash Is Another Man’s Treasure: The Transition of Clinker Brick from Disposable to Decorative.” Columbia University. doi:10.7916/D8HX1C1C. Balme, Jane, and Alistair Paterson. 2009. Archaeology in Practice: A Student Guide to Archaeological Analyses. John Wiley & Sons. Carroll, Orville W. 1976. “Early Brick Laws in Massachusetts.” Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology 8 (2): 20–23. doi:10.2307/1493512. Davis, Andrew McFarland. 1890. The Early College Buildings at Cambridge. Worcester [Mass.]: C. Hamilton. http://tinyurl.galegroup.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/tinyurl/9rmU81. “How to Make Bricks for a 17th-Century Tower - YouTube.” 2019. Accessed April 25. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUtEcVxaXXQ. Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Harris, John. Lexicon Technicum: Or, an Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Explaining Not Only the Terms of Art, but the Arts Themselves. Vol.II. By John Harris, D.D. Late Secretary to the Royal Society, and Chaplain to the Lord High-Chancellor of Great Britain. 1723. The second edition. Vol. Volume 2. 2 vols. London. http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=ECCO&userGroupName=camb55135&tabID=T001&docId=CW3313012729&type=multipage&contentSet=ECCOArticles&version=1.0&docLevel=FASCIMILE. Neve, Richard. 1736. The City and Country Purchaser’s and Builder’s Dictionary. The third edition, Corrected and improved throughout. London. http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=ECCO&userGroupName=camb55135&tabID=T001&docId=CW3308483188&type=multipage&contentSet=ECCOArticles&version=1.0&docLevel=FASCIMILE. Pyszka, Kimberly. 2017. “Anglican Church Architecture and Religious Identity in Early Colonial South Carolina.” Material Culture; University Center. “Saved from the Flames.” 2001. Harvard Magazine. May 1. https://harvardmagazine.com/2001/05/saved-from-the-flames.html. Schmidheiny, Martin John. 2014. “Seeing Red: Characterizing Historic Bricks at Sylvester Manor, Shelter Island, New York 1652-1735.” M.A., United States -- Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Boston. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1650693349/abstract/90CE7DD69A234405PQ/1.