1 20 1145 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/02e1cbdc6deac317d81583f16406e6f2.jpg e7687329f99488c6c687552a37506893 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 17th Century Pipe Stem (1650-1680) https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c7a4624e2e60abc1898e589008d9da58.jpg 40489d575c79eb678218b0b1d1ebf3dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This chart shows the variations in tobacco pipe stem hole diameters over time, along with their frequency in each time period. Subject The topic of the resource This chart is incredibly useful to archaeologists working in colonial contexts. Pipe stems survive in abundance because they were used prolifically by colonists due to tobacco’s perceived medicinal value. Due to their frequency in the archaeological record, archaeologists noticed that pipe stem hole diameters decrease in size over time. Thus, as seen from the chart, archaeologists can use the size of the hole to approximate the time periods in which it was likely to have been made. In the case of this particular pipe stem, its diameter is 7/64. This size has a higher frequency in the period of 1650-1680 and thus, it is likely to come from a time within this range. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/4fddfee1b55a66af844f939fff2b3247.png 7bc36b9f389caafcb2b1b0057710f3f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The front cover to Doctor Nicholas Culpeper’s “The Complete Herbal” written in 1653. Subject The topic of the resource Within this book, Culpeper includes detailed engravings of plants and herbs along with their names and uses. Due to the fact this is written by a medical doctor, it is clear that smoking generally had a positive attitude by society, though Puritans had a particular dislike for this activity due to its association with idleness. Yet still, smoking was viewed as the primary treatment of many ailments, and as such, pipe stems are very frequent in the archaeological record. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Culpeper, Nicholas. 1653. “The Complete Herbal.” London: Thomas Kelly. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/cd9c972f2d68ad24a365f126ab26218a.png 8a636e3c6a7a06ba972327a4b6311896 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cover to a book detailing the Laws of Harvard College. Description An account of the resource This document is extremely illuminating, detailing not only what courses students took, but also how Harvard students were expected to dress and behave. This document is a good accompaniment to archaeological findings since it describes the institutional ideal of student behavior while archaeological findings provide a more humanistic and realistic look at what actually took place on campus. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Peirce, Benjamin. 1778-1831. “Benjamin Peirce personal archive, 1787-1832.” Admittatur, 1797 August 16. HUG 1680 Box 1, Harvard University Archives. Archaeological Find Object Name 17th Century Pipe Stem Inventory Description Pipe stem fragment 7/64 Peabody Number 2021.6.53 Intrasite H971, Level 6 Depth 49-64cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.8cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object .7cm Century 1650-1680 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 17th Century Pipe Stem Subject The topic of the resource Breathe in. Breathe out. The repetition causes you to close your eyes as the bitter taste of tobacco floods your senses. You have both a Greek and Natural Philosophy exam tomorrow and you pray that the medicinal qualities of tobacco cures you of your headache. You are a Harvard College student in the mid-to-late 1600s. The abundance of pipe stems in the archaeology record of Harvard Yard is of note to archaeologists and current students alike. After all, according to early Harvard College Laws, inspired by the strict religious beliefs of the Puritans, “Noe Student shall…take Tobacco or bring or permit to be brought into his Chamber strong Beere, wine, or strong water, or any other inebriating Drinke to the end that all excesse and abuse thereof may bee prevented” (Overseers President and Fellows 1655, 331). However, colonial smoking is much more nuanced because although smoking recreationally was forbidden (i.e. “to the end that all excesse and abuse”), students were allowed to smoke to cure their aliments. As seen in the front page to a 1650s herbal book, tobacco was smoked along with various medicinal herbs and was a treatment strongly supported by doctors (Culpeper 1653). Although archaeologists are not able to tell whether a pipe was used for recreational or medicinal purposes, it gives archaeologists an insight into the actual students who once studied here centuries ago outside of the College’s historical documents. Additionally, due to the unique ability to date pipe stems, their discovery allows archaeologists to date other non-dateable artifacts found in the same context. Through consulting archaeologist J.C. Harrington’s pipe stem dating chart, since the pipe stem hole diameter measures 7/64, the pipe was made between 1650 and 1680 (Hume 1969, 298). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Culpeper, Nicholas. 1653. “The Complete Herbal.” London: Thomas Kelly. Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America.” The University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. Peirce, Benjamin. 1778-1831. “Benjamin Peirce personal archive, 1787-1832.” Admittatur, 1797 August 16. HUG 1680 Box 1, Harvard University Archives. The Overseers Presidents and Fellows of Harvard College. 1655. “The Lawes of the Colledge published publiquely before the Students of Harvard Colledge.” https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/f4cf646a3de8517c8c3a122926048b3c.jpg 23c284fb7a0dfaa900452de1089b1a8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pipe Stem and Bowl Fragments Subject The topic of the resource I found a piece of 17th century ceramic pipe stem along with part of a pipe bowl. Both the stem and the bowl have designs on them. The small part of the stem that we found is about two to three inches long. Half of the pipe stem is smooth with no design and the other half has a few ripples that make it textured. The pipe bowl has what looks like the initials P.E. on the flat part of the bowl. I believe that our pipe fragments are from the 17th century because “the holes in the pipe stems become smaller and smaller through the 17th and on into the second half of the 18th century (Hume 1969: 297). The hole of this pipe stem is relatively wide (look up the actual size on the excel sheet); approximately seven to nine 64th of an inch in diameter. Based on the chart in Hume, the date the pipe was made, then, was between 1620-1650 (Hume 1969:298). https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/90f5f7cc194c7df00b70588ef25c852c.pdf 80bfd6825d12ee5e4531cb07201db1fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Account of Andrew Croswell Subject The topic of the resource This is an account book of a Harvard student named Andrew Croswell. He kept account of the things he purchased while he was at Harvard. Tobacco is on his list of things he purchases along with toothbrushes, fruit, pencils, and wine. This shows that tobacco was viewed as a necessity almost to some college students- if they were willing to spend their limited amount of money on it. Now, marijuana is considered a necessity to college students as well. This also verifies that students did smoke tobacco and drink wine while they attended Harvard, even though it was against school rules. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Croswell, Andrew , 1778-1858, “Account book of Andrew Croswell, 1794-1802,” Colonial North American Project at Harvard, accessed April 30, 2017, http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/12076. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/dc76589cc649f42d2ee0878a46521a6b.pdf 45567d66d66980211ae57fc131c3cd2e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medical Journal Records Subject The topic of the resource This is a medical journal from 1791-1815. An entry from 1796 documents how tobacco smoke was believed to treat a person who died from drowning by “blowing smoke in the victim’s lungs.” This is just one example of how tobacco was believed by some to serve a medical purpose. It seems now that marijuana has headed down the same road. Before marijuana was legalized in some states, it was illegal with the exception of medical purposes. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Appleton, Moses , 1773-1849 and Appleton, Moses , 1773-1849, “Commonplace book of Moses Appleton, 1791-1815 (inclusive),” Colonial North American Project at Harvard, accessed April 30, 2017, http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/12123. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b527c5c576b5321ff52d2194325d05a7.pdf 7583a2ea0e9087b7a2fe9fe3cf55aefe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Poem about a "College Chamber" Subject The topic of the resource This source is a poem that describes a “college chamber” or dorm room at Harvard in 1744. It was written by two men- one named Thomas Handcock and the other is Richard Waterman. They wrote this poem when visiting a friend at Harvard. The poem describes the contents of the room including “pipes and tobacco” among other items like pens, paper, a broom, clothes, etc. This shows how students smoked tobacco even against school rules- similar to how students now smoke marijuana. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Handcock, Thomas., “Description of a College Chamber (manuscript copy), ca. 1744,” Colonial North American Project at Harvard, accessed April 30, 2017, http://colonialnorthamerican.library.harvard.edu/items/show/9203. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name 17th Century Pipe Stem and Bowl Fragment Inventory Description A fragment of a pipe stem (8/64" bore diameter) and part of a bowl with the initials PD on the flat bottom of the bowl (7/64" bore diameter). Culture/Period 17th century Intrasite Unit H944 Depth Level 2 Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object The stem is around 4cm and the bowl is closer to 3 cm. Width (cm) Dimension of Object The width is about 1 cm for the stem and 2 cm for the bowl. Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object The thickness is about 1 cm as well. Peabody Number 2016.29.303 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 17th Century Pipe Stem and Bowl Fragment Subject The topic of the resource Current students at Harvard break the rules and based on our archaeological finds of pipe stems and glass bottle fragments, we can confirm that they have been breaking the rules since colonial times as well. Smoking was a common habit at Harvard all through the Colonial period and after, as demonstrated by the large number of pipe stems found in excavations of Harvard Yard. This pipe stem is one of many that are found in excavations of Harvard Yard. Based on the chart in Hume, the date the pipe was made, then, was between 1620-1650 (Hume 1969:298). The rule against smoking tobacco was instituted when the college was and carried well into the early 19th century. There are constant instances of how history repeats itself, but it appears through our discovery of this pipe stem and through records in the archives that tobacco usage in colonial times has striking similarities to marijuana smoking in contemporary times. Some of these similarities are that students hid tobacco in their rooms like students do with marijuana now, they smoke it even if it is against school policy, and both were used for medical reasons. In the rules of the college, tobacco was banned at all times except if it was used medically (Loren, 2016). Another similarity is that tobacco slowly got legalized nationally- which might be the trend of marijuana if it continues with its synchronization with tobacco. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Works Cited: Hume, Ivor Noel. 1970. “A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America”. the University of Michigan: Alfred A. Knopf. Loren, D. D. (2016). Bodily protection: Dress, health, and anxiety in colonial New England. In The Archaeology of Anxiety (pp. 141-156). Springer New York. 17 pipe smoking https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/add6a9fe009154cca4ae5d04f65bdf40.jpg 9ce6084d52bd9ad7c671e704ba8ba4ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In the hurried production of the coin, some of the 1864 minted pieces were accidentally made with a smaller motto. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/c3725d5dd66128f1dab5d4cb861e1c24.jpg d7b68238ac7c445144e7bae1560bdf2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Many people, filled with uncertainty about the nation’s future, turned to religion. As such, the 2-cent coin was the first to bear the motto “IN GOD WE TRUST," which is now a standard on coins. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Hierarchy.aspx?c=670&title=Two+Cent https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/907ee7d7a432c4ea6c63007b79dfd07d.jpg d81d24923f190128ee2b4d61c73bba1d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memorial Hall was built to commemorate the lives of Harvard students and alumni who gave their lives to fight in the Civil War. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.vsba.com/projects/harvard-university-memorial-hall-loker-commons-and-sanders-theatre-restoration-and-renovation/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name 1864 Coin Inventory Description This is an 1864 2-cent coin. This 2-cent coin was minted in 1864 and is made up mostly of copper with some tin and zinc. The coin was designed by James Barton Longacre. Peabody Number 2016.29.401 Culture/Period 1864 Intrasite H935 Level 3 Depth 63-73cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Personal Class 3 Coin Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1864 Coin Subject The topic of the resource The 2-cent coin was only in circulation from 1864-1873. During this time period, the nation was embroiled in the Civil War and its immediate aftermath. The 2-cent coin was a departure from previous denominations and it is hypothesized that public acceptance of the coin was due to extreme shortage of coins during the War. The coin was most in demand from 1864-1866 and waned in popularity as the country recovered from the economic strifes of wartime. This particular coin was found at Harvard University, a school that was deeply affected by the Civil War. Harvard students and alumni served in the 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment beginning in 1861. Harvard affiliates fought on both sides of the war and a total of 1,662 men served. Of these men, 246 died and the 20th Massachusetts regiment is known for its high casualties. Although the men of Harvard were not pressured to join the cause, many chose to enlist, as did many alumni. Classes at Harvard continued during the war and the students who survived the carnage returned to graduate with their classmates. To commemorate the sacrifice that many Harvard men made for the Union, Memorial Hall was erected and dedicated in 1874. The names of Harvard men who fought for the Union are listed on plaques that are still on display in Memorial Hall today. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Giedroyc, Richard. "Two and Three Cents: Two Cent." Home Page - PCGS CoinFact. PCGS CoinFacts, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Hierarchy.aspx?c=670&title=Two+Cent>. "History of 'In God We Trust'." U.S. Department of the Treasury. N.p., 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <https://www.treasury.gov/about/education/Pages/in-god-we-trust.aspx>. Ireland, Corydon. "Blue, Gray, and Crimson." Harvard Gazette. Harvard University, 21 Mar. 2012. Web. 5 Apr. 2017. <http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/03/blue-gray-and-crimson/>. "Two-cent Piece (United States)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Jan. 2017. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)>. 19 coin metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b620690068ccc49863909b571c7715e4.jpg 99e5c8388cc701d6c427af562893df68 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph taken and edited by Rachel Harner. Caption: Sivilich, Daniel. "How to Identify Revolutionary War Musket Balls." Sciencing, 2017. http://sciencing.com/identify-revolutionary-war-musket-balls-7633630.html Title A name given to the resource The light color of this musket ball is due to a natural buildup of lead carbonates, sulfides and oxides over time, which helps confirm its age and material composition. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/a5db2312021ef2eecbe126e1411c8eb1.jpg 95a3e2ad6d75e430dc95043f3c0e4351 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Painting: "A Perspective View of an Encampment" by Bowles & Carver, 1780. Caption: Ireland, Corydon. "Harvard's year of exile." Harvard Gazette, 2011. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/10/harvards-year-of-exile/ Title A name given to the resource Continental soldiers were housed at Harvard during the Revolutionary War while classes were relocated to Concord. Dorms, academic buildings, and even canvas tents in the Yard served as makeshift barracks. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/e96b056110ef712d04750b1ceab870bf.jpg 558e29c9bce09f8986f2504fce49fe2e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource These Redcoat reenactors hold reproductions of the “Brown Bess” flintlock musket, the most common British weapon. Revolutionaries also used flintlock muskets made in small Colonial factories or stolen from the British. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Durham, J. Lloyd. "Outfitting an American Revolutionary Soldier." Tar Heel Junior Historian, 1992. http://www.ncpedia.org/history/usrevolution/soldiers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name Lead Shot Peabody Number 2016.29.564 Intrasite H942, Level 4 Depth Level 4, 70-80cm Class 1 Metal Class 2 Arms Class 3 Ammunition Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object NA Width (cm) Dimension of Object NA Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.9cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 18th Century Lead Musket Ball Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Burke, Kathryn. "Letters of the Revolutionary War." Smithsonian National Postal Museum, 2017. https://postalmuseum.si.edu/letterwriting/lw02.html Hume, Ivor. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969. Ireland, Corydon. "Harvard's year of exile." Harvard Gazette, 2011. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/10/harvards-year-of-exile/ O'Rourke, Brigid. "Harvard honors its military past with tour." Harvard Gazette, 2015. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/12/harvard-honors-its-military-past-with-tour/ Sivilich, Daniel. "How to Identify Revolutionary War Musket Balls." Sciencing, 2017. http://sciencing.com/identify-revolutionary-war-musket-balls-7633630.html Sydney Living Museums. "How musket balls are made." Youtube, 2014. https://youtu.be/iz3NZ6dL-e0 Subject The topic of the resource Fictional recreation (2017) of the context of this musket ball based on the sources cited below June 15, 1775 Dearest Temperance, I cannot write much but I endeavor to give you a glimpse of what life is like in Cambridge. As the General’s secretary, my bed is in one of the rooming halls, but many of the enlisted men sleep outside in tents where I often hear them laughing and singing into the night. They have started to construct a blockade to the east of camp in case of an ambush, though we have scarce seen a Redcoat since arriving. There have been whispers of an ammunition shortage so the General ordered the removal of all the doorknobs and hinges to be melted into musket balls. There are rumors the roof of the College hall is next. It is my responsibility to keep a careful record of all camp supplies so I spent several hours this morning sorting the ammunition. While I was in the tent I heard a shot and ran outside to find two soldiers competing to see who could fire his musket the fastest. The General halved their rations for the week and told all assembled they could expect the same if they were caught wasting supplies. I will have Ezekiel deliver this letter when he rides into town tomorrow with the General’s correspondence. Please do not hasten a reply; your acceptance of this humble rumination is all the acknowledgement I need. Yours, Elias 18 metal https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/43c9b73759ab0a52ef1b99e48f032cf7.jpg 6fa977470821a78c75930c7a42f79317 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of wine bottle https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5ef6a8556b0282f28052bae882584e9b.png 9e0b6c8ed5ce12364cb314095f363f03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Food fight in Commons Hall in 1819. The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls. Subject The topic of the resource The food fight started because of the economic struggle of students. Students thought they were overpaying for such meager food and drink in Harvard’s dining halls. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/602aedac0b03a36f835a359cf51e1aae.png 5d0aa2be013f00ce942e6a1dd166da13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Waiters of Memorial Hall 1890. Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent. Subject The topic of the resource Along with economic call divides, racial class divides were also propagated in Harvard’s dining halls. In this image most waiters were of African-American decent. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310694&p=2072612 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/333cf9c91eab542ec849cd27e62cb5ea.jpg c8a91e2aacd0df5ad5407376de17f32b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sample menu from 19th century Harvard Dining Hall listing both breakfast and dinner options. This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard University. Corporation. College Book 1, 1636-1810. UAI 5.5, Harvard University Archives. Subject The topic of the resource This menu highlights the lack of alcoholic beverages available in Harvard's dining halls, which further propagates class divide. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 2 Archaeological Find Object Name 19th century wine/cordial Culture/Period 19th century Depth 65-75 Quantity 10 pieces Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 6cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 4cm Inventory Description Noel Hume’s recount of the evolution of the wine bottle allows us to conclude that this wine bottle fragment we excavated was most likely from a bottle in the 19th century. The wine bottle fragment we found has a narrow body and medium size kick up and these characteristics correspond to a 19th century wine bottle. Intrasite H944 Level 2 Peabody Number 2016.29.302 Notes Date found: October 27th, 2016 Class 1 Glass Class 2 bottle glass Class 3 green glass Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 19th Century Wine Bottle Description An account of the resource During the 19th century, some students at Harvard could barely afford to eat as is evidenced by students’ inability to find decent and affordable food after the closure of dining halls in 1825. The excavation of this wine bottle draws attention to divide between the lower and upper class with respect to dining and drinking. Some students were members of social/dining clubs and could afford to drink expensive wines, whereas others could barely afford the Harvard dining hall. In 1807 students engaged in a rebellion against the dining services at Harvard, stating “their biscuits were bad and coffee bitter” and because of this pushback the college eventually closed their dining halls in 1825 and allowed students to dine outside the college. Image 1 depicts a satirical picture of food fights in the dining hall to emphasize the protest of dining hall conditions. While some students could afford to be part of social dining and drinking clubs such as the porcelain club, the fly club and the AD club when Harvard dining halls closed, many could not afford the cost that came with the dining hall closure. The college realized that students from less privileged backgrounds needed Harvard dining services so reopened The Harvard dining association in 1874. This narrative demonstrates how although our excavation of wine bottles may lead us to believe that students were wealthy and could afford alcoholic beverages, this may have not actually been the case. Many students struggled to find food at economical costs and therefore were probably unable to carouse and drink with their classmates. Therefore, a deep divide must have existed between those of the upper class who could were privileged enough to afford the luxury of drinking and those who were not. Some students of a lower class may have felt alienated from those that were from a more elite group because they could not afford to drink and socialize with wealthier students. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 27 2016 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Nöel. 2001. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Page 60-70. Harvard University. Harvard Commons Records, 1686-1829. UAI 15.250, Harvard University Archives. http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/deepLink?_collection=oasis&uniqueId=hua09011 Harvard University. The History of Food and Dining at Harvard, July 25th 2016, http://guides.library.harvard.edu/hua/Food_Dining 19 glass https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ed891ece0f9372b37dab87683712ab48.jpg 6d59a3e43849364c2a180cba264dc286 Archaeological Find Object Name 2 chunks of wood Inventory Description 2 non-naturally occurring chunks of wood. One is flat and looks like a section of plywood and another is more circular. Peabody Number 2021.6.341 Intrasite H974 Depth 18-23cm Class 1 Organic Class 2 Wood Class 3 Wood fragment Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 6.5 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 3.5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2 chunks of wood https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/d7e959b32307249512f5d2b27814aefe.png 2d2ef0d8166a05945adca65ec18dfa14 Archaeological Find Object Name 2 pieces of Cambridge Mudstone Inventory Description 2 pieces of Cambridge Mudstone Peabody Number 2021.6.471 Intrasite H972 Level 4 Depth 20-32 cm Class 1 Architecture Class 2 Stone Class 3 Cambridge Mudstone Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 13.2 cm Width (cm) Dimension of Object 10.4 cm Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 4.4 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2 pieces of Cambridge Mudstone https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/bec2c3e3112c4e97cdfdda88a1c3c0a2.jpg 86d64a342296760aba87ddd27cdaf9de Archaeological Find Object Name 2 pieces of roof tile Inventory Description 2 pieces of roof tile. One is burnt along its bottom edge. Peabody Number 2021.6.345 Culture/Period 17th century Intrasite H974 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Stone Class 3 Roof tile Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 6.2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 5.7 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 Century 17th century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2 pieces of roof tile https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/5f1526d20e26ce6ca73e9a074f2ce955.jpg a37921e72213f5eb83005ca4673c4ef0 Archaeological Find Object Name 2 pieces of slate Inventory Description 2 pieces of slate Peabody Number 2021.6.346 Intrasite H974 Depth 18-23cm Class 1 Architectural Class 2 Stone Class 3 Slate Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2 pieces of slate https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/de63062dc37cfd69ff167afdffd10b49.PNG 49a5acb05b060e47e76dfcfaf74ad4cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 3D aerial Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kyle Sanok; Annie Lynch https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ffd07be0ea3362904347278819b21216.PNG ad6062f44f72fb26f5d4578569b95d25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 3D Aerial Yard Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name 4/64 pipe stem Inventory Description pipe stem with bore diameter of 4/64 Peabody Number 2025.8.268 Culture/Period Most likely 1750-1800, or 1710-1750 Intrasite H980 Level 6 Depth 78-85 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.39 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.59 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.59 Century 18th Century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 4/64 pipe stem Subject The topic of the resource 4/64 pipe stem https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/00019b78a6371109d83b9a4c7e1d19e4.jpg 511590c9b4780e02b41751e159082878 Archaeological Find Object Name 4/64 pipe stem fragments Inventory Description three 4/64 pipe stem fragments Peabody Number 2021.6.157 Culture/Period 1750-1800 Intrasite H970 L3 Depth 17-27cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 3 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .5 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1.5 Century 18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 4/64 pipe stem fragments https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/630081de4e963fe7a49490c13859ea1b.jpg 5d0e2819e843296d7406c163c07061cb Archaeological Find Object Name 4/64 pipe stems Inventory Description 2 4/64 pipe stems Peabody Number 2021.6.372 Intrasite H970 L2 Depth 3-13cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 2.4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 4/64 pipe stems https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b76e674de4e83ec639a5a386933b00ba.JPG a9a6dc215488b0d91b028a1f0716309c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tin-glazed earthenware sherd. This ceramic sherd is distinguishable as tin-glazed earthenware by its buff pasty and shiny, fragile glaze. It is 1.9 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, and 0.4 cm thick. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo taken by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/ae0b8dd94aad6399eade3e091ff73def.JPG fe0b177e62430d160fd2e4c277cd33cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Side profile of tin-glazed sherd. This photo of the sherd shows its very slight curvature, suggesting that the sherd may have come from a relatively flat vessel such as a plate. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo taken by Emma City. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/0f11904477fb634a4a3b51d61a8af679.jpg d15cd53d19594be41c881f69ea764391 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tin-glazed earthenware plate. Although the sherd shows no evidence colorful glaze, many tin-glazed earthenware plates were decorated with elaborate designs, increasing their value. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Plate.” Early 18th century. The Museum of Fine Arts website. Accessed May 1, 2017. http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/plate-61768. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/1adefbc34231e24925be44d292cc5888.jpg 660075b1784cf304647e9d2d295b8c1a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Morning bever sketch. This is a 1930s sketch of an imagined 17th-18th-century Harvard student’s morning bever (breakfast). However, the tin-glazed sherd suggests that, at least at dinner, students had a more formal experience. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Chas. A. Lawrence. c. 1936. “Food at Harvard College in the 17th-18th century.” Harvard Archives website. Accessed May 1, 2017. http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork365138/urn-3:HUL.ARCH:1114862/catalog. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2017 Assignment 3 Archaeological Find Object Name 5 Pieces of Tin Glazed Earthenware Inventory Description 5 pieces of tin glazed earthenware of various sizes, all with plain white glaze Peabody Number 2016.29.394 Intrasite H931 Level 3 Depth 68-80cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Sherd Class 3 Body Quantity 5 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.9 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.2 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.4 Culture/Period 1630-1790 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5 Pieces of Tin Glazed Earthenware Subject The topic of the resource This description and the accompanying photos discuss the largest of the five sherds of tin-glazed earthenware. This very small ceramic sherd may at first seem insignificant, but actually it helps us understand the history of dining culture at Harvard College in the early 18th century. This piece of tin-glazed earthenware has a very shallow curve to it, suggesting that it was once a part of a fairly flat vessel such as a plate. Tin-glazed earthenware plates became popular after around 1680 (“Tin-Glazed” 2002). And, in fact, this sherd was found in context with two pipe stems dating roughly to 1680-1710 (Hume 1969, 298). Tin-glazed earthenware products were made all over Europe, but the importation of any continental European ceramics to the colonies was banned from the late 17th century until after the American Revolution (Hume 1969, 141). Therefore, it seems most likely that the vessel from which with sherd came was manufactured in England. Until the end of the 18th century, Harvard College did very little to standardize the dishware used by students (Stubbs 1992, 501). In fact, into the 18th century, students were expected to provide most of their own dishware (Morison 1936, 28). If this tin-glazed earthenware sherd did come from a plate purchased by a student for his own use, then we can start to see how social class and economic means played into dining culture at Harvard. Evidence from previous excavations by the Old College suggest that locally produced redware was by far the most commonly used type of ceramic and makes up 70.6% of all ceramics (Stubbs 1992, 486). More expensive, imported tin-glazed earthenware, on the other hand, makes up only 16.3% of all ceramics (Stubbs 1992, 486). Through the early 18th century, even the dining culture at Harvard College was filled with markers of students’ social status. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hume, Ivor Noël. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Morison, Samuel Eliot. 1936. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Stubbs, John D. Underground Harvard: The Archaeology of College Life. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 1992. “Tin-Glazed.” 2002. Diagnostic Artifacts in Maryland, accessed April 30, 2017, http://www.jefpat.org/diagnostic/ColonialCeramics/Colonial%20Ware%20Descriptions/Tin-glazed.html. 18 ceramic tinglaze https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/b845f201f23243c84c944079b52162ba.jpg 2732f1a43a71ce526635d2e658606415 Archaeological Find Object Name 5 Pipestem Fragments Inventory Description 1 pipestem fragment 4/64; 3 pipestem fragments 5/64; 1 pipestem fragment 8/64 Peabody Number 2021.6.40 Culture/Period 1620-1800 Intrasite H794 Level 1 Depth 18-28cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipestem Quantity 5 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.7 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.7 Century 17th-19th Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5 Pipestem Fragments https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/22618d2eb069a595c1d62b456eaa68de.jpg 97c752165a4841cee146f8f73abb3365 Archaeological Find Object Name 5/64 pipe stem fragment Inventory Description pipe stem fragment with spur Peabody Number 2021.6.158 Culture/Period 1720-1750 Intrasite H970 L3 Depth 17-27 cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 4.3 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 1.6 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 1 Century 18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5/64 pipe stem fragment https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/anth1130/original/7b74697c3e8316f51aee2313d91fe593.jpg 3e33669b7240fcd6e5ae34401cda3ac0 Archaeological Find Object Name 5/64 pipe stems Peabody Number 2021.6.373 Intrasite H970 L2 Depth 3-13cm Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 pipe Class 3 pipe stem Quantity 7 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.4 Width (cm) Dimension of Object .9 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object .9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5/64 pipe stems Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name 5/64 pipe stems Inventory Description pipe stems with bore diameter of 5/64 Peabody Number 2025.8.269 Culture/Period Most likely 1710-1750, or 1750-1800 or 1680-1710 Intrasite H980 Level 6 Depth 78-85 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 2 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 3.51 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.55 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.55 Century late 17th-18th century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5/64 pipe stems Subject The topic of the resource 5/64 pipe stems Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2025 Collection Archaeological Find Object Name 6/64 pipe stem fragment Inventory Description 6/64 pipe stem fragment Peabody Number 2025.8.362 Culture/Period Most likely 1680-1710, can be anytime from 1650-1800 Intrasite H980 Level 6 Depth 78-85 cmbd Class 1 Ceramic Class 2 Pipe Class 3 Pipe stem Quantity 1 Height (cm) Dimension of Object 1.56 Width (cm) Dimension of Object 0.94 Depth/Thickness (cm) Dimension of Object 0.94 Century Mid 17th - 18th century Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 6/64 pipe stem fragment